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VOL. XII JANUARY, 1925
NO. 1
CONTENTS
The Year Has Gone Eliza R. Snow '1
Portrait of Mrs. Annie D. Palmer 2
Oh, White- Winged GulL.Mrs. Annie D. Palmer 3
Portrait of Mrs. Alice Morrill 4
The Pioneer Mother Mrs. Alice Morrill 5
Vigilant Loyalty to our Standards
of Government ..Elder George Albert Smith 7
Spiritual Education Dr. Adam S. Bennion 13
Editorial — The Gospel as a Guide 19
Mother's Milk Clinic 20
The Editor Abroad 22
A Perfect Ending of an Imperfect
Day Eunice Iverson Gardner 27
Importance of Diet for the
Expectant Mother Jean Cox 31
Women in the Utah Legislature 35
Notes from the Field Amy Brown Lyman 38
Guide Lessons for March 39
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THE YEAR HAS GONE
List to that sound — that rolling chime: Hack! 'tis the busy knell of Time: .
The year has gone,
And borne along
The hopes and fears —
The smiles and tears Of multitudes unknown to song.
The year has gone, and in its train Such scenes of pleasure and of pain
As bear us on
From Life's first dawn,
Thro' flowing deeps —
O'er rugged steeps, Until life's glimmering lamp is gone.
The year has gone — but mem'ry still The curtain holds with fairy skill:
As if to keep
Old Time asleep,
While scenes roll back
Upon their track, And recollection takes a peep.
Eliza R. Snow.
MRS. ANNIE D. PALMER
O WHITE-WINGED GULL
Mrs. Annie D. Palmer, Provo, Utah, Awarded First Prize the Eliza R. Snow Memorial Contest
Thou white- winged gull ! When e'er I hear The tale that made thy memory dear, How, when my native state was young, Her future in the balance hung,
When Famine, gaunt and grim and keen, With tortuous hand outstretched, was seen, And thy swift mercy saved the day — I bow my head and humbly say: "I thank Thee. Lord. I thank Thee."
Thou heaven-sent bird! Could I but heed The mighty voice that bade thee feed Upon the black and sickening swarm That covered pasture, land and farm;
That bade thee feed with ravenous haste, And glut thy greedy, wanton taste — Could I but heed its whispers low, This thought were mine to feel and know ; "I thank Thee, Lord, I thank Thee."
Oh, white- winged gull! Could I but feel How much He cares for mortal weal ; Wow, when my erring feet would stray, His hand will lead in wisdom's way ; And if I faint or if I fall, His ear is quick to heed my call — Could I but learn how much He cares, This were the burden of my prayers : "I thank Thee, Lord, I thank Thee."
Oh, heaven-sent bird! Could I but trust,
And count life's keenest sorrows just ;
Could I but bend my selfish will,
My Father's purpose to fulfil ;
Then would He love and succor me Like unto them He fed by thee — If I could only learn to trust, And humbly say, as say I must: "I thank Thee, Lord, I thank Thee."
MRS. ALICE MORRILL
THE PIONEER MOTHER
By Mrs. Alice Morrill, Tridell, Utah, Awarded Second Prize in the Eliza R. Snow Memorial Contest
Behold her busy at her task — no thought to turn aside nor shirk; Her faith but dignifies her toil; her hope but sanctifies her work; No thought to falter by the way, nor wish to rest from weary toil ; A selfish life — no weak reproach, nor plaint of cares and ceaseless moil.
From out despair, has she not marched — the consummation of her quest, To be the peace and solemn, brooding, stillness of the desert west? The love-lit hour of holy prayer a beacon light of heaven shines, And through the silent hours of night she catches harmonies Divine.
And yet within her bare, hard life, nor art nor high-born harmony,
The .unresponsive desert answers not her mute appeal for sympathy,
But dares her try her strength to wrest from his bare breast mere
sustenance, In this she turns her heart to God and bows to his, Omnipotence. Then goes afield to glean the heads of wheat left 'mongst the clods, And typifies the purpose, born of old, "Thy God shall be my God!"
She gathers up her threads of love, and weaves the fabric of her life; Her aspiration but to be a duteous mother, faithful wife.
A limitless expanse of wilderness surrounds her cabin home. The sun glares hot and pitiless by day; by night, the weird winds moan. Deep in her heart she makes a grave; lays there her hope of luxury, And gives her life, a ransom for the generations yet to be.
Close folded in her arms, she clasps her scant-clothed child and smiles, As visions of his high estate the stillness of this hour beguiles; Alone, beside the couch of pain, she soothes her sufferer till the dawn.
Yet looks above the deep blue vault and glimpses heavenly realms beyond.
>
When death's hand snatches from her breast the babe that brought her
soul's relief She clothes him in a common shroud with her own hand, and hides her
grief. The cold, pale stars and far, white moon look down from out the upper
deep, While lonely hill-crags, rising high, their mighty, silent vigil keep.
The damp earth floor, whereon she kneels a shrine of worship comes to be, Her plain, hard fare becomes, to her a sacrament of sancitity. A priestess she, and prophetess, of far off, future , glorious years , When bloom of beauty shall unfold, at last, deep watered by her tears.
The Eliza Roxey Snow Memorial Contest
In this issue of the Magazine are published the results of the second Eliza R. Snow Memorial Contest. Forty-six poems were submitted. The judges were Mrs. Julia A. F. Lund of the General Board, Prof, Alfred Osmond, head of the English department of the Brigham Young University, at Provo, Utah, and Miss Kate Thomas, a well known writer of Salt Lake.
Oh, White-Winged Gull, written by Mrs. Annie D. Palmer, of Provo, Utah, is awarded first prize.
Mrs. Alice Morrill, of Tridell, Utah, receives the second prize for her poem, The Pioneer Mother.
Honorable mention is given the following poems, Where is Heaven?; A Question, Endurance, and Mother s Evening Prayer.
These poems will be published in the Magazine in due time.
Leadership Week
Educaton for better home life will be the central theme for the fifth annual Leadership Week at the Brigham Young Uni- versity commencing January 26, according to an announcement coming from the Extension Division. The week will be conducted along the lines followed, in the past but a number of new depart- ments will be added. Among the new departments are : Interior Decorating; Reading for the Home; Training for Priesthood; Psychology of Childhood; Play Production.
Other courses will be as follows: Social Welfare; Com- munity Planning ; Vocational Guidance ; Scout Leadership ; Music ; Religious Education; Principles and Methods of Teaching Re- ligion; Pageantry; Genealogy and Temple Work; Farmers Con- ference ; Recreation ; Foods and Nutrition ; Clothing and Textiles ; Home Health and Sanitation.
THE
Relief Society Magazine
Vol. XII JANUARY, 1925 No. 1
Vigilant Loyalty to our Standards of Government
Elder George Albert Smith
It is very unusual for me to try to talk to a subject — I usually talk from it, so far from it that I never discover it after I get away from it, but the question of loyalty is one that is very near to me. With the upset condition of this world, I am persuaded that there is not anything that we need much more than loyalty, loyalty to our heavenly Father, first of all, who has given us this wonderful world in which we live. Here we are comfortably seated in this structure reared of the materials that were created by him, and here we are in the companionship of his children, each of whom is dear to him, and we are here for the purpose of learning something of our duty one to the other, and among the things that are necessary is loyalty. There is not any such thing as a loyalty that is just a makeshift. There is not any such thing as a loyalty that hasn't any life in it. I like this term "vigilant loyalty," because unless our loyalty is vigilant it amounts to very little. I feel that enthusiastic loyalty as well as vigilant loyalty is proper. I am persuaded that among all the delightful things that we enjoy, our opportunities, our ideals, none of them are safe unless they are somewhat enthusiastic. I dp not believe that even morality is safe unless it is enthusiastic. Unless we have a pride and determination and a joy and a feeling that it is worth while to be moral, we are in constant danger, and so I bring the same suggestion to our opportunities of life in this great country that the Lord himself prepared. He prepared all the various countries for the habitation of men, but he prepared this particular country and kept it here, according to his state- ments, from the people of the world, until the time should come when he would begin its settlement. So, as I look back and think of the coming of Christopher Columbus and all that went before, I realize how dangerous the journey was that brought the first people to our shores. I feel that there was inspiration behind it all, and the result was that there came to our shores eventually men and women whom I believe our heavenly Father reserved
8 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE
for the time when it was necessary for heroic souls to come out from the nations of the world into the almost obscure and un- known. The. prow of the boat in which Columbus sailed was pointed straight to Deleware Bay, and all of a sudden a flock of birds passed him and flew a little south of the direction in which the boat was going, so he directed the boat to follow in the course of the birds. That might happen a thousand times upon the ocean today, and mean nothing. In that case it meant the settlement of South America and that section of the country by the Spanish nation.
The Anglo-Saxon race came later under the influence of prayer to land near Delaware Bay. It was no accident that our Father brought the Pilgrim Fathers to this world, any more than it was that he brought the Spanish nation to the islands of the West Indies and South America. There was a purpose in it all. God intended that these United States of America, this great northern American continent, in fact, should be dedicated to a people who love liberty and prize it, and who would serve him.
The purpose of it all — the flight of the birds, the coming of the Pilgrim Fathers, the struggle for independence — was that the gospel of Jesus Christ might be established. In order that we might have the liberty we enjoy, our heavenly Father had to prepare the stage. It was not prepared by Columbus, nor by those who came in the Mayflower ; they were but the actors. The Lord himself had prepared the stage and had inspired the souls that were to perform their parts.
Then there came a time later when those who had burning in their hearts a love of liberty revolted against the mother country — that wonderful government of Great Britain which has given to this land so many splendid men and women, and has given to the world so many advantages and opportunities by reason of its power. But in the Lord's way, araother government was to be prepared, and the way was opened, and he said (you will find it in the Doctrine and Covenants) that he raised up the very men who prepared the Constitution of the United States. They were not here by accident. According to our Father's state- ment, he raised up those very individuals, and they were praying men. They were the kind of men who believed in the power of God. The man who led the army that fought for the independence of this land was a praying man — George Washington, and those who were associated with him believed in prayer. It is remark- able that when the Constitution was being formed some of these men had forgotten the power of prayer and had forgotten their loyalty to the very source of all their happiness. They had forgotten only temporarily, however, just as we sometimes forget. I shall not ask you who are here today to say whether or not
VIGILANT LOYALTY 9
you bowed your knees in prayer to your heavenly Father last night. These men had forgotten the power of prayer and they struggled for weeks trying to complete the Constitution of the United States. Finally, Benjamin Franklin, seeing the futility of their efforts, said, "Gentlemen, during the dark days of the war, we went to the Lord in prayer, and he never failed us. We prayed for him to strengthen our armies that we might obtain vic- tory and freedom, and he did so. I suggest that we take a recess for three days, appoint a chaplain, come back into this room and in- voke the divine guidance of our Father in heaven." George Wash- ington seconded that motion. They adjourned, appointed a chap- lain, came back, and with the help of the Father of us all, with the help of the Creator of us all, with the help of the One who has been mindful of his children from the days of their first parents in the garden of Eden until now, in a few hours brought forth that remarkable document of which it is said, it is the greatest document ever written in the same space of time by the hand of man.
If these men were to enjoy the blessings of our heavenly Father, it was necessary that they recognize him. Just as soon as they did the thing that he requires us all to do, and went to him in prayer, the inspiration of heaven flowed to them, and they were able to do what was necessary to finish that great document, the result of which has been a liberty, and a peace and a happiness that are remarkable to all the children of men. That document was prepared in order that you, the members of the Relief Society, might enjoy some of the blessings that you enjoy. In the wisdom of our heavenly Father the way was prepared, and state by state these great commonwealths were set up, until today, in these mountain lands, choice above all other lands, in this particular part of it of which our Lord has said to his pro- phets : "The mountain of the Lord's house shall be in the tops of the mountains," the headquarters of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints are established. Do you realize, my dear sisters, that you are blessed above all your sisters of the world? No other place has had so many blessings pronounced upon it as has the land of Zion, and in connection with our other bless- ings there has come to us the blessing of liberty — not by the wisdom of man, but of our Father in heaven.
The danger I see today is very largely the assault that is being made upon the constitutional law of this land, because if that is broken down there will come sorrow and distress such as we see in far-off Russia. There are people in this land in which we live who would change our wonderful constitution, inspired by our heaven- ly Father, given to his choicest sons and daughters. There are those who would exchange that wonderful charter of liberty for a combination of ideas and theories that in my judgment have
10 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE
been brought into that land that I have just referred to, not by the blessings of our heavenly Father, but by the influence of the evil spirit that lurks beneath. So it is important that we exercise in our lives a vigilant loyalty to the standard of our government that our Father in heaven has^given to us. I would not stand here and plead with you to recognize the government of any individual against that of any other individual, because men's minds are variable, and they make mistakes ; but when I stand here and believe with all my heart that this form of government was inspired by the Lord. I feel perfectly safe and secure to say that we can well afford to measure with due consideration any suggestion that will modify the government of the land in which we live.
There seems to be rampant in this world today a spirit of lawlessness, and in no other part of the world is it more dominant than it is in this wonderful land in which we live. I refer to "the attitude toward the law giving this country prohibition. There are hundreds and thousands of men and women who believe them- selves to be good citizens of the United States, who violate the provisions of this law, and in a most flagrant way, without real- izing that they are laying the ax at the roots of the tree of liberty, and unless they repent of their sins the next generation will jeopardize the liberty that we enjoy. In the communities where the Latter-day Saints dominate, it is the duty of every man and every woman, not only to obey the law of the land, not only to honor the law of the land, but to sustain loyally and vigilantly and enthusiastically the law of the land and those whose duty it is to carry it into effect. I believe our heavenly Father will be displeased with us as members of this Church if we carelessly permit the government of this nation to be jeopardized, without raising our voices to say a word against the enemies of law and order. A liberty that is not worth contending for is not worth having. A blessing that is not worth working for is not of much value. This privilege we have of living in such a country as this is worth a tremendous effort on our part to sustain those ideals that will establish the next generation upon a foundation that will enable them to< go on defending these laws and ordinances that our Father in heaven intended should benefit the human family.
There are some women who are a little careless about their franchise. I am proud to belong to a Church which was first to extend the franchise to women. It was the Prophet Joseph Smith who first turned the key for the emancipation of women of this world, and it was your organization in whose interest it was turned, and I am sure you are grateful for that. It was not a whim of his; it was an inspiration from the Lord. It was
VIGILANT LOYALTY 11
necessary that those women who were to be the mothers of those who should build the country in a proper way should have some- thing to do other than just to follow the behest of their husbands and their brothers. Sometimes we find individuals in both sexes who seem to think that they can get along very well without the other group, but I want to say that the Lord intended that both of the sexes should have their part, and he didn't intend that womankind should be in slavery to man. He did intend that there should be order, however, and so he has placed in every well ordered home, as the head of the family, the male member of the family — sometimes the inferior mind. But in so doing, the Lord has not said that woman should not be her husband's equal in all good things, and in the blessings that would flow to the sexes. And so, my sisters, you have been given not only your franchise in the Church, but you have been given your franchise in the country, in the Union in which you live. The Lord has given you these privileges. Your vote counts just as much as the vote of your husband or your brother, and it should be just as intelligently used. You ought to know that the laws of our country are just as far as possible; you ought to know what kind of men are placed before you, and in the full dignity of a daughter of the Lord you ought to go to the polls and cast your ballot in the interest of peace and good government. You must not stay home and say that it is not your affair. It is your affair, and our heavenly Father has made it possible for you to enjoy this partic- ular blessing.
We have in many of our towns a curfew law which is in- tended to bring our children home at a reasonable hour in the evening. It is our duty to see that our children observe this law. Since it is a law in the community in which we live, it is our duty to see that it is observed. If they are permitted to violate this ordinance, it is only one step further for them to take something that doesn't belong to them, or to abuse some one con- trary to the law. So we ought to be enthusiastically active in sustaining this law and other ordinances which are enacted to uplift and bless us as a people. I am glad there are some brethren here, to hear this because I feel that it is the duty of men as well as of women to know where our children are at night. If we will draw our children home under the regulations of the curfew and inspire in them a respect for law, it will go a long way toward making them good citizens and making them what they ought to be.
It has been my privilege recently to go over a portion of this marvelous country, and the farther I traveled and the more I saw, the more abundant was my gratitude to my Father in heaven for the way in which he has blessed us, and I feel to bow my head in thanksgiving and prayer that I have been permitted to
12 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE
live in so favored a country. The Lord has blessed us and given us the power to say what shall be done in regulating the govern- ment of this land. Be not sidetracked by the influence of evil to listen to those who in the selfishness of their souls would destroy the beauty of our national constitution. It was prepared for the sons and daughters of our heavenly Father, to live at peace with all the world. There is no royal family among the people of this land. Each individual has a privilege equal to other individuals, if he will honor and respect the law. We may well ask our- selves the question, will we be among those who will be valiant henceforth and forever in maintaining and sustaining the law that our heavenly Father has given to us for our blessing and which he has made possible for us to enjoy and to bequeath to those who shall follow after us from generation to generation namely the privilege of worshiping him in spirit and in truth? Each in his own place and station, each in his own home, each at his own fireside, miay exercise his influence under the blessing of our Father in heaven, that the power of the adversary will be turned aside, that peace and joy and happiness will continue with us.
From the depths of my soul I am grateful for my members- ship in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. I am thankful for this great organization that has accomplished so much among the children of men — this National Woman's Relief Society. I am grateful for my citizenship in this land that the Lord has given to us to enjoy, and thankful that I can go from place to place and see the handiwork of the Master of heaven and earth in the lives of the individuals with whom I associate, in the homes that are builded under the inspiration of the Lord, in the wonderful valleys and mountains that he has created for our comfort and blessing. I thank him with all my heart that I am a partaker in these gifts, and I feel today to say to you that if the Lord will give me wisdom, if he will continue to bless me with judgment, I desire to exercise such power as I have to maintain in an active, vigorous, enthusiastic way the franchise that he has given unto me, the blessing that has been bestowed upon me to have part in ordering the government of the land in which we live, and I desire to be worthy of it from now until the time shall come that I go hence. I desire also that all our Father's children, may enjoy this same blessing.
I pray that your lives may be enriched by the labors you are performing, and that the characters which you are forming here will be so beautiful that when you go hence the Father will say, "You have honored me and my holy priesthood who have presided over you ; you have honored yourselves, and I welcome you home to enjoy the companionship of those you love, through- out the ages of eternity."
Spiritual Education
Dr. Adam S. Bennion
If I do not bring you anything else today, may I bring an appreciation to you for this assignment to speak before the Relief Society, and my wish is that it could do for you what it has done for me. It has sent me back to review or to read a half dozen books that I am grateful for having read. I should like to expose to you three or four good books which I hope you will take home or send for. There is now published by the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education, at Washington, D. C, a list which I commend to you, which is called Twenty Good Books for Parents, and anyone who is here and interested enough may write to the Bureau for a copy of the list. Having the list, you then can order the books that you want and are able to read. Lest you may not make that conection, I want to give you a list of a few books which I have been reading during the last week, and which without any hesitation I could commend to you as being tremend- ously helpful. The books may be ordered through the Deseret Book Company. I especially commend :
1. Mother Love in Action, by Miss Prudence Bradish.
2. Talks to Mothers, by Lucy Wheelock.
3. Mothers and Children, by Dorothy Canfield Fisher. (If you do not know this third book, I beg of you to get it ; it is one of the best things I have read in all the field of books, and for parents it is invaluable. The opening chapter is worth the price of the book to any mother anywhere in the world.)
4. Training of Children in Religion, by Georga Hodges. (Helpful for those who are looking for material to use with children or those who work with children.)
5. Gentle Measures in Training of the Young, by Jkcofo Abbott. (Every young mother should be exposed to that book before she experiments on the problem of disciplining her own children.)
6. The Mother Teacher of Religion, by Anna F. Betts.
The subject of spiritual education is worthy a good discussion ; if I do not give it such, will you be good enough to find it in one or more of these books? What is this thing we call spirit? It is perfectly evident to anybody interested in child welfare, or in the educational problem at all, that there is something in the spirit. I may be trained to think, and my spirit may lie absolutely dormant. The two boys in Chicago who now face life within prison walls were brilliant enough; they were trained mentally
14 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE
beyond their years, but their spirits were dwarfed. I am im- pressed with the thought that I may be trained physically, I may exercise the muscles and bodily functions given to men, I may become an athlete, a pugilist, what I will, and my spirit be left wholly in the background; and yet I would not have you under- stand that the spirit is something which, like the conscience, may be carried around in one's pocket, to be brought forward for special Sunday or other emergency uses. I think there are those who do think of the conscience as a thing which may be sidetracked and brought out on Sunday. Elbert Hubbard said the truth when he expressed the idea that man should remember not only the Sabbath day to keep it holy, but the week days to keep them holy. Man's spirit or his spiritual powers are in, and shine through, his total functioning powers whenever he exercises him- self toward the fuller development of all that is best and finest in him. I am convinced that the spirit of man permeates all of his other powers, and represents really the divinity that is in him. I was struck within the week with reading an address — if you share your material possessions, you divide them; if you share your spiritual possessions, you multiply them. If you divide a pie you have less than before you divided it, but if you share a smile you have more smile than when you started ; if you share a story, or a good deed, if you share anything spiritual, your very sharing adds to it. i
Our question this afternoon is how may we develop that spirituality in man that it may take the lead over both the phys- ical and the mental, that it may become the guide to man's life here in the world. Jesus Christ was the greatest personage born into the world because he caught most fully of the Spirit of his Father. Jesus was not trained academically, as some other men have been trained ; we have never been told that he possessed great physical prowess, but he became the Savior of the world through manifesting a spirit beyond and unlike anything ever ex- perienced by any other living soul. John reminds us that God is a spirit, and that they who worship him must worship him in spirit and in truth. When Elihu chided Job, he said, "But there is a spirit in man: and the inspiration of the x\lmighty giveth them understanding." (Job 32:8.)
I take it your problem here today is not what this spirit is, but rather how can we better promote it? I am assuming that it is your responsibility as mothers to see that the homes of the Lat- ter-day Saints keep the spiritual fires burning. I know you are charged to look after want and need, delinquency and social problems, but the greatest mission that can rest in your hands is to see that in the homes of Latter-day Saints, children are reared to fear God and to cherish his Holy Spirit.
If I were to give a recipe for promoting spirituality, I think
SPIRITUAL EDUCATION 15
I would mix together these six or seven simple little ingredients — simple and little, and yet big enough to fill a lifetime:
1. Set up the right spirit in the home. I wish you would go home from this conference and read Mrs. Fisher's first chap- ter in Mothers and Children, which she calls "Moral Sunshine." It is a plea such as I wish I had the power to get over. It is a problem such as we have been discussing only last week in our own home, and which we seem never to be able to get away from. You are mothers and therefore busy. That is the only way you can become mothers. Nobody ever retired to motherhood. Be- cause you are busy, look out lest you become unduly busy on that phase of life that doesn't represent the real ultimate values. The woman who gets so busy keeping the dust off the furniture or cooking meals to satisfy the ravenous appetite of a husband, has misjudged values, if in doing so she has no time to tell stories to Billy or to give right attitudes toward motherhood to Mary. T know you are busy. It may be that you had to leave that batch of fruit or had to stay up late to get it done, so that you could come here today, but I would like to say that you are not just to put up fruit, or to pickle pickles, or to sweep kitchens, or to scrub bathrooms — you are charged above all else to bring Billy and Mary into their estate, and it is mighty poor economy to let minor duties stand in the way. I should hate to be a mother and present myself to St. Peter,^in the absence of a boy I had lost, and plead that I had to put up too much fruit to feed him with, and therefore didn't have time to teach him properly. I do not believe it will ever get you very far past the great celestial gates. I hope you are feeling a little uneasy — I want you to. I won't even mind if you disagree with me a little — that is wholesome. Whenever a woman is so busy cleaning the house in which her boys and girls live that she is out of sorts with them all the time, that woman is on the wrong platform because no woman can dust furni- ture to the neglect of her child and feel good about it. I like a clean house, and I am man enough to like to sit down to good meals, but the problem of promoting spirituality centers in the home. You cannot be grouchy and dumpy in, the home and de- velop boys and girls of the right sort. You cannot have the spirit of the gospel in the home if there is quarreling. You cannot have the spirit of the gospel in the home, if all the time you are nagging the boys and girls because you are tired out, and they are doing what they have a right to do because they are boys and girls. One of the biggest challenges I have to meet is when I come home from the office worn out and tired, and Buddy runs to me and wants to play. If I brush him aside, because I am too tired to play, I shall be chargeable for the life that Buddy may fail to develop. Brush aside the material things once in a while and center in spiritual values.
16 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE
2. There are certain other things that need to be done, and we should set up certain definite habits. First of all, we need to develop in children, from the time they are born, an attitude of responding to all the situations they face, happily. If you cannot get a girl to do the dishes cheerfully, you have no bigger problem in the household. There is something wrong with the child who dis- likes to do dishes. It is possible to make girls do the dishes and even do them fairly cheerfully. I believe it is possible to get a boy around the house to do the chores and actually enjoy it. We have been experimenting on it. We have put our kiddies on a budget and let them go into partnership with father and mother. They naturally want some money — pay them well and let them do the little things they are to do because they are partners and they will feel good about it. If boys and girls are everlastingly doing things they detest, they will hate to be home, and there is no clamity quite commensurate with the calamity that comes when children do not want to be home. The other day two children were knocked over, and it was discovered that one little child of five was on the streets because the doors were locked so that he would not disturb the house while the mother was away.
3. We should begin early the habit of helpfulness. I love to go into a home where a boy or a girl will go out of his way to share with another. I was in a home awhile back where one little lad had been sent to the store to get some candy. He brought back some of these "dumbells" (sticks with candy on each end >. He had only four and there were five kiddies to share them. Ordinarily that would result in a mental collision. The little lad who nad been properly trained said, "Well, we haven't enough to go around." He didn't sneak off with his and leave somebody else to worry, but he took them all and broke them up and then divided them. I salute that kind of home. It is a tremendously fine thing when a girl can be encouraged to go out into the kit i hen and offer to help with the dishes. If the men were here I would say it would be a fine thing if they could remember the days when they were courting when they wanted to sneak out into the kitchen to help her. It is a mighty helpful thing for the. father to slip over an idea to Mary : "Your mother is tired, can't you slip out and help her?" It won't hurt a boy to help out the tired mother. I believe it is possible to build an attitude of help- fulness so that boys and girls take pains to help one another, which is the very key to the spirit of the gospel of Jesus Christ.
4. I sometimes fear that American homes these days run the risk of suffering from two things, the result of science. The first is the victrola, which will play anything for us ; the second is the piano player, which will do the same thing. If you have either or both of these instruments in your family, what is hap-
SPIRITUAL EDUCATION 17
pening to your boys and girls ? Are they learning to play ? What kind of pieces do they play ? are they playing these raggedy, rag- gedy ones, or have you taken pains to bring through these channels the masterpieces of the world? I would like to submit it to the humblest mother here from the remotest corner in Zion. Your children and your children's children will come to love the best things in the world if you will take the pains to expose them. I fancy we are losing something in the Church. I could wish that we were singing more than we are. I could wish that children would gather of an evening and that they would be encouraged to sing the songs that carry with them the message of truth.
5. The next little thought that I would like to give by way of promoting spirituality, I am sure is being neglected. A testi- mony was given to a man who went into one of the wards in Salt Lake City. This man hadn't been in a service in years, and he was a little prejudiced. He didn't attend this service to listen, but he went out of obligation — it was a funeral that had touched a family so close to him and he went to pay his respects. While he sat in that service, largely unmindful of what was being said, he saw a picture of the divine messenger giving the plates to the Prophet Joseph, and during the whole service he could do nothing but worship in the presence of that picture, and that picture brought him back to the Church. There is a force in good pictures. I knew of a mother who sent her son to Boston to attend the university. He was just a natural fellow, and in fixing up his room he decided he would put a little life into it, so he gathered pictures from the photoplay magazines, most of which were the pictures of the follies chorus girls, more or less nude. A little later the mother went to visit Boston and when she went into the room, she was stunned. She was confident that these pictures would do more to undermine her son than any university could do to build him up. She did not say she was ashamed of him. She did not even say she was surprised. She looked at those pictures, swallowed the lump in her throat, and said nothing. When she went home she went to an art store and bought a copy of Hoffmann's "Jesus in the Temple," a picture that has an expression that will drive home the worth of cleanliness as few things have ever done, and without wrapping in any moral, she had that picture beautifully framed and sent to her boy. Six months later she was in Boston and called to see him. On the wall just behind the boy's study table was the picture of the Master in the temple. Just next was another beautiful picture, and there were also two other reprints of the world's master- pieces. The mother asked what had happened to the other pictures, and the boy said, "O, mother, they wouldn't go with that, so I took them down." I sometimes wonder whether we are quite fair.
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There are being hurled at boys and girls throughout this Church cheap, immodest, immoral bits of art, and you and I sit by in in- difference. Copies of good pictures are obtainable at very little expense. I would that we could fill our homes with the pictures that reflect great truths.
Women Take Office
Not only the women but the men of the nation also, will keep a watchful eye on the new governors of Texas and Wyoming, for these are women.
The task of Mrs. Miriam Ferguson and Mrs. W. B. Ross will be far from easy. Time out of mind, woman's care has been human welfare, while man's has been business. The men will therefore, probably, measure the success of these governors by one standard and the women by another. It will be difficult to meet both requirements. If they shall be able to pay more attention to the social needs of their people than their brothers would do, without neglecting their financial necessities, they should be regarded as successful. At all events, the woman executive in the political field is on trial. Let us hope that these women will prove as efficient in this office as many of their sisters have done in executive places in the business world, and there is no reason why they should not.
Other political laurels have come to women this year. Florence E. S. Knapp, head of the College of Home Economics of Syracuse University, takes the office of Secretary of State in New York, and Mary T. Norton, wife of a manufacturer in New Jersey, has been elected to the Congress of the United States, from the twelfth district of that state. She is highly educated, and is actively interested in social welfare work.
There have been women in other congresses, but Mrs. Knapp is the first one to be elected Secretary of State, and Mrs. Ferguson and Mrs. Ross are first woman governors.
The rain comes pelting down and then The sun begins to shine again, One day misfortune comes along, The next we sing a cheerful song, But when it all is understood, The greater part of life is good.
— Kingsley.
EDITORIAL
Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office, Salt Lake City, Utah Motto — Charity Never Faileth
THE GENERAL BOARD
MRS. CLARISSA SMITH WILLIAMS President
MRS. JENNIE BRIMHALL KNIGHT First Counselor
MRS. LOUISE YATES ROBISON Second Counselor
MRS. AMY BROWN LYMAN .... General Secretary and Treasurer
Mrs. Emma A. Empey Mrs. Lotta Paul Baxter Mrs. Ethel Reynolds Smith
Mrs. Jeanette A. Hyde Mrs. Julia A. Child Mrs. Barbara Howell Richards
Miss Sarah M. McLelland Mrs. Cora L. Bennion Mrs. Rosannah C. Irvine
Mrs. Annie Wells Cannon Mrs. Julia A. F. Lund Miss Alice Louise Reynolds
Mrs. Lalene H. Hart Mrs. Amy Whipple Evans
Mrs. Lizzie Thomas Edward, Music Director Miss Edna Coray, Organist
RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE
Editor Clarissa Smith Williams
Associate Editor Alice Louise Reynolds
Business Manager Jeanette A. Hyde
Assistant Manager Amy Brown Lyman
Room 29, Bishop's Building, Salt Lake City, Utah
Vol XII JANUARY, 1925 No. 1
The Gospel as a Guide
During the month of September your editor and her travel- ing companion attended a threatre in the city of Glasgow, Scot- land, where Harry Lauder was featured for the evening's enter- tainment. His name was responsible for the sale of every seat in the house, far in advance of the performance.
Mr. Lauder's costumes proved most attractive, and the scenery, reflecting the colorful landscape of Scotland, with its rich purple hether, was very beautiful. One thing only marred the entertainment; and that was the continual smoking of per- sons in the audience. Men and women lighted cigarettes at any moment, and such a cloud of smoke arose that the performers could be seen only through the mist. Later, we had a similar experience in London. It was during the production of one of George Bernard Shaw's plays. Men smoked to the right and to the left of us ; and directly in front of us, five women sat smoking.
England has always been noted for its home life. Today that life is vitiated in the homes, on the steamships, and in the hotels by the smoking of both men and women. My friend and I have had cigarettes offered to us several times in homes where we were dinner guests. There is no use of resenting the offer, on the part of the host or hostess, for many women in Great Britain today, would feel slighted if the host or hostess failed
20 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE
to invite them to smoke after dinner. The only thing a woman can do, who dislikes tobacco, is to refuse in a courteous manner.
On our way to Paris, a gentleman in our compartment asked us if we smoked, before he ventured to light his own cigarette. Our positive statement that we did not led to a discussion on the subject. We told him that smoking was offensive to us, and that we were greatly shocked to note that it was permitted in some of the theatres in both Scotland and England.
His response to all we said was that he was not adverse to women smoking in a drawing room, after dinner ; but that he did not like to see her smoke in a theatre or on the street.
Doubtless there are many men and women, at the present time, who defend the practice of smoking for both men and wo- men. There are, too, many persons who deny that smoking on the part of expectant mothers and expectant fathers is injurious to the child.
Surely it is a matter of satisfaction to the Latter-day Saints to realize that no matter how much the women of the world indulge in this very offensive practice, that the women of Zion will, as a rule, remain sweet and clean; and will become in this matter, as in many others, as a light set upon a hill.
Once again, we are reminded that not the least of the bless- ings vouchsafed to us, through the gospel, is that of proper guid- ance, that protects us from becoming the dupes of false doctrine and unrighteous practice; for on this subject the word of the Lord says, explicitly, that tobacco is not good for man, but should be used for bruises and sick cattle.
Mother's Milk Clinic
Milk for babies is of necessity of great concern. Civic centers and welfare organizations have been active for a consider- able length of time dispensing milk for the care of babies ; for, if babies are to be saved, they must have proper milk in proper quantities for their sustenance.
The Relief Society has exerted itself in a strenuous manner to have all mothers acquainted with this fact, and, wherever babies are being deprived of good milk in right quantities, it is urged that steps be taken to supply these babies with milk. The Long Island College Hospital has gone a step farther than other centers interested in supplying milk for babies, in establishing a mother's milk clinic. The mothers who supply the milk are, in the main, from poor families. They are paid by the clinic, receiving from three to four dollars a day, but they are also ap- pealed to in the name of the sick babies who need their help.
EDITORIAL 21
They understand that they are saving the lives of babies that would perish if the milk were not furnished.
From twelve to fourteen ounces is what the average baby consumes a day. Where it is not possible to obtain this amount, four ounces of mother's milk, with other feeding of modified cow's milk, are sufficient to keep the infant alive. Mother's milk, if thoroughly healthy, is always better for an infant than any other sort of milk. The mother's milk is so rich that it is often necessary to dilute it with water, and not all babies require a large amount. In order that there may be no danger of their own infants suf- fering from their generosity, babies are examined at stated periods by the physicians and records of their weight are kept. As soon as the weight of a baby of a milk supplying mother fails to come up to standard, she is no longer permitted to give her milk to the clinic. The mothers undergo periodic examinations and their milk is regularly tested in order that there can be no error in prescribing it for a sick child. Perfect cleanliness is also drilled into the mother, and the milk is expressed under the supervision of the welfare representative.
The milk is put on ice and .later bottled, so that people can take it away. With each bottle goes a printed slip telling how the milk may be pasteurized at home. This clinic charges twenty- five cents an ounce for the milk that is sold to private individuals, but the serious need of a sick infant is the first consideration, and, where families are destitute or in very poor circumstances, the care of the infant is made possible. The management wishes to protect itself against persons who plead poverty and yet who refuse to deprive themselves of luxuries. Genuine cases of poverty meet with consideration and sympathy.
The hospital has obtained an electric pump which will in time be used for the expression of the milk, so that the mother giving it will not need to spend so much of her time at the hospital. At present it sometimes takes as long as an hour and a half, and, in some instances, two to obtain the milk.
Most mothers supply about one other baby as well as their own. Occasionally a woman is found who can supply her own and two other babies. One exceptional case is that of a woman who has been giving the clinic thirty-five ounces of milk daily, besides feeding her own baby about fourteen ounces. The mothers are all the better for the service to other babies, as the milk for their own baby is fresher and their entire system benefits by their generosity in giving of their surplus milk.
The babies who obtain milk from the clinic must have a physician's certificate saying that they need it. If the milk runs short, the hospital devides it eauallv among all comers.
22 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE
The Editor Abroad
OUR VISIT TO BOSTON
Alice L. Reynolds
We are all acquainted with the slogan : "See America First." We shall begin this series of articles by seeing a little of America on our way to Europe ; for we realize that America is important to know, particularly for Americans, and that there is nothing in Europe like Niagara Falls. That which is true of Niagara Falls is equally true of other points of interest on our great American continent.
Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes is credited with saying that Boston is the hub of the universe ; today there are many Bostonians who, like Dr. Holmes, believe that Boston is the hub of the universe, and with all due respect to those who do not share Dr. Holmes opinion, or the opinion of many who criance to live in Boston, at the present time, we wish to say, that the contention is not without reason.
Miss Elliott, my traveling companion, and I reached Boston on the 8th of September, 1924. We were met at the station by Miss Mary Elizabeth O'Connor, the principal of one of the public schools of Taunton, Massachussetts, who in company with three other Massachussetts teachers had visited Utah at the time President Harding was in Salt Lake City.
Miss O'Connor took us to the Women's City Club, of Boston, The Women's City Club is a fine old house, built about 1818, at 40 Beacon Street, overlooking Boston Common. Bulfinch, the architect of the Boston State House, appears to have been the architect.
The main office of this stately old mansion, which combines the beauty of the past with the convenience of the present, has purple-paned windows, a badge of Boston gentility, indicating that the glass in them was brought from Europe before the year 1812. These purple glass windows are also a distinguishing mark of old Beacon Hill Mansions.
The purchasing and fitting up of this Club House with its com- modious lounges, dining rooms, reading rooms, halls, baths and bedrooms are among the achievements of the modern woman. The Boston women wanted a home where they could eat, sleep, dine, bathe, entertain their guests at will, and meet when they chose; and in this beautiful home, to employ the words of a great writer, "That which they so greatly desire is greatly realized," for they have a membership of 5,000 women, representing 175 towns and cities, extending from Nova Scotia to Michigan.
The lounge, which is described by the club member as a
EDITORIAL
23
modernized edition of the formal parlor, has in it a magnificent old mantelpiece, with an elegant mirror, and an equally elegant chandelier. Beautiful pieces of furniture may be seen on every side, for many loans and gifts have been made to the house by persons who had in their possession rare pieces of furniture. For instance, in the lounge is found a most exquisite inlaid writing desk that belonged to Governor Winthrop ; on it was a vase of cut flowers. Everywhere cut flowers were in evidence, and every- where the receptacles holding the cut flowers were most attractive. The curve of the main stairway is said to be a study in exact proportions. In the hall where the staircase is found, is a beautiful mirror, in a great frame, that, like grandfathers clock, stands *m the floor and reaches far up the sides of the wall.
ENTRANCE TO WOMEN 's CITY CLUB, BOSTON
24 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE
Having told you something of our abiding place, I want to tell you how we spent our time outside the Club House. The first afternoon, in company with Dr. A. E. Winship we drove in Miss O'Connor's car, through an especially beautiful part of Boston finally passing the New England Conservatory of Music. It was remarked in the course of the drive, that a goodly number of Utah students had trained in the Conservatory, at one time or another. Miss O'Connor appeared to be greatly astonished that Utah music students should seek the New England Con- servatory which, to be sure, was a distinct compliment to Utah music and Utah musicians, for Miss 0'Connqr snad heard both.
From Boston we drove to Bedford, where for a time we fol- lowed the Paul Revere road, thence to Summerville, and on, finally coming to the Charles River and Cambridge, where we passed the homes of Longfellow and Lowell, and Mt. Auburn Cemetery where they are buried.
At 4 o'clock we were driven to the campus of Harvard Uni- versity. There we were taken into one of the choicest places in the Harvard Library, where we saw the Harry Elkins Weidner collection. Everything was harmonious ; the building, the lovely Sargent paintings on each side of the door where we entered, and the rare and beautifully bound and beautifully decorated books upon the shelves. This special collection is in charge if Mr. George Parker Winship, son of Dr. A. E. Winship. Through the courtesy of Dr, and Mrs. Winship and Mr. George Parker Winship, our party, consisting of three Massachussetts teachers, Miss Elliott and myself were served refreshments in this very choice library room.
The second day we were driven by Miss O'Connor through a series of neat little New England villages of white frame houses and green shutters, surrounded by lovely hardwood trees and lawns that needed no hosepipe to keep them from withering. In the midst of all this green, the pink hydrangea put forth its lovely bunches of blossoms, in preat profusion. We were on our way to Plymouth, the historic^ spot where the pilgrims landed in 1620. As we passed along we saw people gathering cranberries that you perhaps ate at your Thanksgiving or Christmas dinners.
Arriving at Plymouth we visited Plymouth Rock, fully pro- tected since 1920, when the Pilgrim Tercentenary was held in America. As we walked through the streets of Plymouth we marked the sites where many of the early Pilgrim Fathers built their homes ; also the cemetery where many found a last resting place, and where corn was planted that the Indians might not be able to count the dead.
In Plymouth is found a most interesting hall of relics, known as Pilgrim Hall. In this hall may be seen Governor
EDITORIAL 25
Bradford's Bible, the portrait of Governor Edward Winslow, the only known portrait of a Mayflower passenger, the Bible owned by John Alden, fragments of a quilt that once belonged to Rose Standish, the iron pot, pewter platter and sword, that be- longed to Miles Standish, and two little caps worn by Peregrine White, who was born in the cabin of the Mayflower, Nov. 20, 1620, and who was the first white child born in New England. After the delightful visit to Plymouth we hastened back to Boston, where we were guests at a dinner at the Boston College Club. As special guests at this dinner our hostesses, Miss Mary McSkimmon, Miss Mary Elizabeth O'Connor, Miss Ada Chevalier and Miss Annie Carleton Woodward, who had left no stone un- turned to make our visit both pleasant and interesting, invited Dr. Payson Smith, Commissioner of Education of the State of Massachussetts, and our well known friend Dr. Albert E. Winship. All of the Massachussetts people are acquainted with Utah, and all spoke well of her, which indicates that they were treated courteously while guests in our state. The next morning we left Massachussetts with happy memories, and a most friendly attitude toward the state and its people.
Of Interest to Women
Two years ago a department called "Of Interest to Women" was conducted in the Magazine under the supervision of Mrs. Lalene H. Hart. Owing to Mrs. Hart's illness, however, the department was discontinued. But now this department will be resumed.
If you have a way of saving time, energy, or money, which has proved practicable, or if you have found a way that has helped you in your home or family, and that you think would be helpful to others, write it up, very briefly and send it to Mrs. Lalene H. Hart, at 931 Elm Avenue, Salt Lake City.
One dollar will be given for every article published in the Magazine.
Those who wish articles returned must inclose stamped, self- addressed envelope.
A Perfect Ending of an Imperfect
Day
By Eunice I vers on Gardner
Mrs. Robert Bates — familiarly known among her friends as Madge Bates — was "in the dumps." Usually she went about with a calm manner and a sunny face, but today her screwed-up countenance and fretful tone as she ceased her dishwashing long enough to button little Margaret's bloomers, foretold that a thunder-storm was brewing.
Margaret snatched up her straw hat from the floor and merrily skipped off to join her two noisy brothers who were playing "Indian" in the backyard. It had been an extremely warm afternoon, even for May ; and now that the cool evening was ap- proaching, the children's spirit rose accordingly.
Mrs. Bates resumed her dishwashing with a resigned yet determined air. Her ear caught the whistle of a boy as he saun- tered past her gate. He was whistling, "When you come to the end of a perfect day." This was the proverbial straw that broke the camel's back. Madge hurriedly scoured the kitchen sink and hung up the dishpan with a bang, and then sank into the little rocker bursting into a flood of tears !
It had been such a trying day ! Both babies — eight-month-old twin girls — had been very restless during the night, and conse- quently her sleep had been greatly disturbed. Toward morning they had fallen asleep, and Madge slipped out of bed at five o'clock in order to water the lawn at the appointed time. First she made a fire in the kitchen range, so the bath water would be ready for the children as soon as they were awake. A busy Saturday lay ahead of her, and she wanted to make the most of the preci©us morning hours. Leaving the hose adjusted for the lawn, she went indoors again and mixed a batch of dough.
Then she prepared the cereal for the babies' bottles — it had to cook three hours in a double boiler before being strained, and mixed with the correct amount of sterilized milk, limewater, sugar, etc. She also started cooking the oatmeal for the breakfast.
After taking another peep at the babies to assure herself that they were still sleeping, she began putting the baby-flannels, etc., to soak in a solution of Lux and warm water. Then she looked at her sewing machine, still burdened with mending from Tues- day's washing. She hurriedly sorted out a pair of stockings for each child and mended them, and resolutely patched the knees of
PERFECT ENDING OF AN IMPERFECT DAY 27
the boys' overalls. The patches were sewed on the sewing ma- chine and looked very neat when finished. She was in the midst of washing baby things when the boys began their usual morning fighting in bed — and, of course, this awakened the babies, and Margaret began calling "Mama-a-a!" at the top of her voice. The washing was postponed while order was restored, the babies were fed, the three children bathed, dressed, and given their breakfast, and the twins given their regular morning bath.
Mr. Bates — or Robert, usually called Bob — was out of town. Work was scarce and wages were low in town, so he had gone to the mines for a time. Of course, he wrote often, and came home between times, but Madge missed him so much, and so did the children. They faithfully wrote to Daddy, and lived in happy anticipation of the time when he would be at home to stay. He was such a jolly father and thoughtful husband — his presence always brought sunlight with it. No matter hov* much the work piled up for Madge, it was so much more easily accomplished when Bob was at home.
Sometimes he and the boys would send her for a little stroll with the babies and Margaret, while they would surprise her with a delicious hot supper, after which would come another surprise — a platter of Daddy's wonderful vinegar taffy. Yes, the boys (mere youngsters of five and eight) were Daddy's most ardent admirers, and three-year-old Margaret and the babies clam- ored for their share of his attention.
sfj % ;fs >fc >Jc
The day was filled to the brim with pressing duties, and numerous irritating interruptions — Oh, the interruptions! — they were far more distressing than the duties. The neighbor boy who irrigated the garden had left a tempting scene for mud pies, and the children had enjoyed themselves to the fullest extent — body and soul! Their bespattered clothes, hands, and faces did not appeal to Madge as she tried to make them look presentable again. Margaret had some terrible burrs in her hair and the boys had valiently assisted in pulling them out when she came crying to Mother to finish the job. There was an ant-bed that was of ever- increasing interest to the boys, and in their zeal to help the ants they built a little doorway of sticks leading to the ant-hole. They had been so absorbed in the coming and going of the ants that they hadn't noticed themselves until they found themselves being stung, and had to be stripped of their clothing for relief. Two annoying book-agents, and an insistent vacuum cleaner demon- strator, had taken so much of her valuable time — and when she was getting the ants off the crying boys the Relief Society teachers called. They usually were cordially welcomed, but this
28 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE
t
time Madge was rather cool, and they soon departed. Then a neighbor came to use the telephone, and one of the twins had voiced her objections so lustily that Madge was compelled to take her outside. She was just in time to get a sliver out of Bobby's finger and bind up David's cut thumb.
Small wonder that the lunch dishes had been washed so late in the day! Madge let the flood-gates open and cried until she felt relieved. The song, "A Perfect Day," seemed a mockery to her. Her mind swiftly returned to ten years ago — she saw her- self daintily attired in a cool, muslin dress going to meet Bob as he came smiling up the path with his violin and the new song. It was the first time they had sung it together — the evening of their betrothal, and how happy they had been singing it and planning for the future! She hastily ran to the calendar and noticed the date. Yes, it was just ten years since she and Bob had become "engaged." How important and happy she had felt! They had kept it a profound secret for one little week before their admiring friends heard the formal announcement, though they had all ex- pected it, of course!
"Oh, if Bob were only here now — " she thought. As if in answer to her thought the boys came tearing into the house to announce that Daddy was coming, and ran out to meet him. She reached the gate in time to see Bob with the boys manfully tugging at his suitcase and violin, while Margaret laughed merrily from her high perch on Daddy's shoulder.
"Oh, Bob!" was all she could say as they went indoors, and the tears of joy replaced those of irritation and weariness.
He had come home to stay — a new position was assured. He could do his bookkeeping, and still find time to continue his beloved music. It seemed too good to be true.
After a jolly romp with the children, then supper, and finally getting them all tucked in bed, Bob and Madge sat down for a quiet moment together. Madge perched herself on the arm of the great rocker, and Bob began playfully reminding her that this was the tenth anniversary of their engagement. (He had re- membered it, too! She was so glad.)
"Here is a little present for you in honor of the eventful oc- casion," and he handed her a package which proved to be a book — Oh, such a wonderful book — entitled : Household Engineering, or Scientific Management in the Home, by Christine Frederick. Madge gave a little gasp of delight, and immediately commenced reading the "Personal Introduction." It was thrilling! It was just the needed advice after a day of stress. It began :
"Several years ago, I faced the problem which confronts many young
PERFECT ENDING OF AN IMPERFECT DAY 29
mothers — how to do my housework and care for two small children, and yet have any time for myself or outside interests.
"I had manage 1 my mother's home at different periods and really liked housework, especially cooking. But now it was a daily struggle to get ahead of household drudgery. Try as I would, there seemed so many tasks to do, so many steps to take, and so many matters needing my at- tention and supervision. Just as I felt I had reduced the cleaning to its lowest terms, I found the cooking, or the laundry work, or the mending, claiming the remainder of my time. It was a continuous conflict to do justice to all the household tasks, and yet find enough time for the chil- dren. And, between it all, I knew I was not doing justice to myself, and I was becoming more and more tired out. Indeed, I was often without enough energy to dress up in the evening, and when my husband came home, I was generally too spiritless to enjoy listening to his story of the day's work."
Madge stopped reading long enough to give Bob a big squeeze, and take a spin around the room in a merry dance of delight. "Oh, Bob, listen to this :"
"I found that the purpose of scientific management was to save time and effort, and to make things run more smoothly."
Madge solemnly read the twelve titles of the chapters listed in the contents as follows:
1. The Labor-Saving Kitchen.
2. Plans and Methods for Daily Housework.
3. Helpful Household Tools.
4. Methods of Cleaning.
5. Food Planning for the Family.
6. The Practical Laundry: Methods and Tools.
7. Family Financing and Record-Keeping.
8. Efficient Household Purchasing.
9. The Servantless Household.
10. Management of Houseworkers.
11. Planning the Efficient Home.
12. Health and Personal Efficiency.
"Bob,, you're an angel ! How did you ever happen to get this book? I feel as if I were Aladdin with his wonderful lamp. Since the babies came I've often been discouraged with the house- work. Now Fve found the magical key to unlock the door to all my household problems! I do so want to be an efficient wife, mother, and homemaker, and still find time for personal advance- ment and community interests. Now that you are going to be home all the time and the babies are older, and I have this won- derful book as a guide, I can do so much more, as I long to do. I'm going to write a daily and weekly schedule to follow. The babies necessarily will be the center around which everything must revolve. Their feeding hours will govern my arrangements for the regular household duties. I intend to make allowance for leisure time, too. I have been stupid not to budget my time —
30 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE
one of my most valuable possessions — and save so much worry and friction and time."
Madge eagerly skipped through the alluring pages, then sud- denly exclaimed : "Today I was positively rude to the Relief Society teachers ! Now if I had only read this paragraph on in- terruptions, beforehand, I never would have been in such a frame of mind. She read :
"Again, so many women allow themselves to be needlessly affected by interruptions of one kind or another. The author has had women tell her, over and over, that the interruptions coincident with house- keeping work make them nervous and upset. Now, this need not be true. It is a physical fact that monotonous work is far more fatiguing than interrupted work. The point is, not that the interruption makes the woman nervous, but her own mental attitude toward the interruption is the real cause of her irritation. If she would relax and welcome the interruption, instead of allowing herself to be irritated by it, each interruption would only serve as a rest and change of work, and means of lessening tension, instead of increasing it."
"Now, Bob, do listen to these first few lines in the splendid conclusion :"
"Household Engineering has only tried to show the new, modern conception of home-making, with its many possibilities for scientific work, for the use of improved machinery in the home, for less waste in materials, energy, and time — to the end that the woman herself and her family, and the nation be developed to the fullest power and vantage ground in health, happiness, and true prosperity."
Bob explained that he had thought that he would bring her something different this time instead of the customary candy and flowers. The little lady in the bookstore had enthusiastically recommended this particular book.
Madge tenderly entwined her arms about Bob's neck and said:
"Oh, Bob! This is the end of a — I can't say 'perfect day,' but it is the perfect ending of one little imperfect day, and the dawn of many more perfect ones to come! See, it is midnight — just time to feed the babies, so if our singing awakens them it won't matter."
He took out his violin and she went to the piano, and to- gether they sang the world- famed song with all the rapture that was in their loving hearts, as they thought of their care-free courting days, and the promising future in their happy little home.
A laugh is worth a hundred groans in any market. — Charles Lamb.
Importance of Diet for the Expectant Mother
By Jean Cox, State Supervisor of Home Economics Education
[This is the first of a series of articles on "Nutrition," by Miss Cox, who has studied the subject with Mary Swartz Rose, Dr. Henry Sheinar of Columbia University, New York, Dr. Lafayette B. Mendell of Yale, and Dr. E. V. McCollum of Johns Hopkins.— Editors.]
Health is an asset. It is something to be actively sought. Every expectant mother should desire health for herself and un- born child. In order to accomplish this she should live in accord- ance with the health rules prescribed by her physician. Plenty of fresh air, exercise, and sleep are most necessary during this period of physical change. Good appetite and digestion, proper elimination, and restful sleep do not result where there is mental turmoil. Equanimity of mind is an important factor toward good health. Worry of any kind and uncontrolled emotional disturb- ances are very deleterious at this time. Effort should be made to carefully avoid, or control, these perplexities.
Recent findings from feeding experiments on animals have given more positive information on the diet of the expectant mother than was formerly known. These studies have emphasized the importance of ash constituents in the daily diet. As it is impossible to build a house without brick, it is equally preposterous to expect to build Ibones, teeth, nerves and tissues of the embryo without furnishing in the mother's diet the necessary food elements in right proportions. Lack of these elements in the diet of the expectant mother have resulted in illness, nervous instability, and loss of hair and teeth. The old saying that "every baby means a tooth" might well be interpret^ into "imperfect diet for the pregnant woman means loss of teeth, hair and general physical tone."
This is true because the tissues from the mother's body are sacrificed when necessary, in order that the child may approach normality. Recent studies have also shown that sacrifice of the tissues of the mother are needless when the food supply is adequate.
Formerly the accepted definition of food was that food is anything which taken into the body, furnishes heat and energy or builds tissues. The present description of food includes another important additional requirement. The new standard asks that food must also regulate the body processes. This last requirement is the result of careful study and experimentation on the im- portance and use of the so-called ash constituents or mineral salt-?.
32 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE
The present dietary customs of the extensive use of fats, starches, sugars, and meats have decreased the former wide use of one or more of the so-called protective foods — milk, green and root vegetables, " and fruits. These three classes of foods are especially important in supplying the body with the three ash constituents most frequently lacking in the average American diet.
These three elements are calcium, phosphorous and iron. The chief source of calcium is milk, and it is needed for all skeletal and cell structures. Among other things, it helps to control ir- ritability of muscle including heart muscle, and clotting of blood. It also neutralizes acidity. Sherman's experiments indicates that a quart of milk per day is necessary in the individual diet in addition to the calcium obtained from fruits, vegetables, and coarse cereal products. Where there are extra demands for skeletal development this requirement should be somewhat in- creased. The custom of some pregnant women taking a bedtime lunch of milk and crackers can be recommended. Other im- portant sources of calcium are, almonds, beans, brown bread, cheese, walnuts, turnip tops, egg yolks, and carrots.
Phosphorous is also a necessary constituent for skeletal de- velopment. It is used in cell growth and also helps to control any excess of acid. The chief sources of phophorous are aspara- gus, almonds, barley, beans, chocolate, cheese, egg yolks, graham flour, pomegranate, rye, shredded wheat, spinach, turnip tops, leaK meats and milk.
Iron is necessary for the development of red corpuscles in the blood. It carries oxygen, is used also for cell activities. Its chief sources are cheese, egg yolk, maple syrup, raisins, spinach, lettuce, nuts, squash, beet tops, oatmeal, carrots, and onions.
Chemical analysis shows that there is a higher precentage of iron in the tissues of the young infant than at any other time. This extra supply is to tide over the nursing period and neces- sitates therefore that the expectant mother pay special attention to foods containing this important element.
In feeding experimental diets to animals it has been found that calcium free diets for pigeons will produce perforated breast bones and that other bones of the test animals are also found to be imperfect. Additional proof has been found by several experi- ments carried on by different men which shows that calcium or lime in the diet is necessary for bone growth. Experiments such as these lead on to wonder what the x-ray would show in the bones of pregnant and nursing mothers whose diet has been de- ficient in calcium and phosphorous over a long period of time.
Dr. McCollum, at Johns Hopkins University, as well as Dr. Mendell of Yale, have proved conclusively through experimental studies on rats and guinea pigs and through the examination of
DIET FOR EXPECTANT MOTHERS 33
the human foetus that the quality of the teeth enamel is deter- mined during the early part of pregnancy in these small animals and in the case of the human infant it is determined before the third month of pregnancy. This ' experimental work shows the importance of a diet which contains the right body building materials. Much emphasis, during the past few years, has been placed on Better Teeth. Additional argument for this is that teeth are the visible parts of the skeleton and where the diet has been satisfactory teeth having good quality of enamel result and they are usually of good size and shape. When there is this indication of satisfactory bone growth there is little cause for worry as to the quality of the remaining bones of the skeleton. It is not generally understood that poorly shaped and small teeth arches are often the result of imperfect diet. The shape of the tooth arch as well as the size and shape of the teeth themselves is determined largely by the food of the pregnant and nursing mother. The importance of diet during both these important periods cannot be overemphasized.
There are also opinions which are not always right relative to the quantity of food required by the expectant mother. Very often women cause themselves bodily as well as mental discom- fort by feeling that they are not eating enough for the new responsibility. During the first five months the food require- ment is not materially increased. The most important increase in the food demand is during the last eight weeks of pregnancy as during this period the child doubles its weight. It might also be stated that some women foolishly limit their food intake.
Special attention should be given to health of the intestinal tract. This is best accomplished by having peace of mind at meal time which tends to stimulate the flow of the different digestive juices. In every meal some foods should be chosen which require thorough mastication. It not only stimulates the flow of the saliva but also increases muscle tone of stomach and accelerates the digestive rate. Regularity of meals is necessary both as to time and amount of food consumed. When about the same amount of food for the different meals is eaten each day there is less danger of digestive disturbances. Lack of mastication or bolting of food decreases distinction of flavor. Good mastication intensifies palatability, flavor, odor, and texture and improves digestion. Good digestion regulates appetite.
In order to maintain a healthy intestinal tract proper elimina- tion must be given attention. Some causes of constipation are listed below :
1. Lack of organic acids. (The chief sources of these are fruits, although a little is found in vegetables. This is additional
34 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE
argument for having some fresh fruit in the diet every day. The organic acid in apples is malic, in oranges it is citric.)
2. Lack of ballast. (When diet consists of sweets, starches, fats, and meats.)
3. Too constant irritation. (Some intestinal linings become irritated by continued use of coarse cereal mixtures and breads.)
4. Irregular eating and evacuation.
5. Laziness. (Exercise is necessary for intestinal health.)
6. Intestinal obstruction.
7. Construction of abdominal organs.
8. Weakened muscles.
9. Nervous disturbances. (Anger, fear or other emotional disturbances.)
10. Astringents. (The skins and seeds of fruits are astringent).
11. Too frequently use of laxatives. This cuts down motility of intestines. Not good to use any one medicine for too long a period.
12. Constant taking of enemas.
13. Too little moisture — Liberal use of water is very im- portant.
There is also another very important food factor which re- quires consideration, but as the ''protective foods" already dis- cussed are the chief sources the vitamines further discussion will be deferred until the next lesson which will deal with Diet for the Nursing Mother.
In general, interpretation of the above principles relative to the diet of the expectant mother means an easily digested diet containing some laxative foods, such as fruits, green leaf vege- tables, and cereals. The meat consumption should not be more than a small serving a day. Root vegetables are also valuable because of their ash constituents as well as laxative properties. Ad- ditional protein can be furnished in an easily digestable form in the quart of milk a day requirement. Eggs may also be used for additional protein. If the above listed foods are used gen- erously the ash and vitamine requirements will be met.
Women in the Utah Legislature
MRS. ARTHUR E. GRAHAM
As a representative of Salt Lake county, in the lower house of the state legislature, Mrs. Graham has the four-fold qualification of wife mother, active citizen and former legislator. She is the daughter of
Samuel and Isabelle Bryson, of Bountiful, Utah, and the wife of Arthur Graham.
Twice she has been president of the Neighborhood House, in which capacity she acquired first- hand information on many of the educational and social needs of the community.
In the interest of children who require special care andi training, she worked tq place the State Industrial School under the school system. She secured money to buy machinery to be placed in the State Penitentiary, where prisoners are now engaged in the manufac- ture of over-alls, thus aiding in the support of their families. As a member of the Delinquency Committee of the State Board of Welfare she became familiar with the needs of the prisoners in the matter of employment.
MRS. W. MONROE PAXMAN
With several years of active service in business, education, community welfare, and the home, Achsa E. be a law-maker in the state.
and Etta N.
She is the daughter of S. P W. Monroe Paxman, of Provo, Utah, and the mother of five children.
After graduating from the public schools of that city, she attended the Brigham Young University and the University of Utah. Many positions, polit- ical and religious, have come to her in the course of her active life. In 1922, she was sent to represent Utah at the Pan Amer- ican Convention of the League of Women Voters, at Baltimore, and in the fall of that year was ap- pointed state president of the league. She was vice-chairman of the Republican state convention held in Salt Lake City, in 1924. In the Church she has acted at var- ious times as stake president of the Young Ladies' Mutual Im- provement Association and as
Paxman is exceptionally well-fitted to Eggertson, the wife of
36
RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE
counselor in the stake presidency of the Relief Society, both in ' Utah stake. She still holds this latter office.
MRS. CARL LLOYD SMART
Mrs. Smart is older than she looks, and makes no secret of her age. Idaho is the state of her birth, which occurred in Thatcher, December 12, 1887.
At the age of six, she went with her parents, the late Joseph S. and Margaret Petty Hendricks, to Logan, where she received her education in the grammar schools and the Brigham Young college.
All her grandparents and. great-grandparents were Utah pio- neers of '48, '49 and '50. She is a "daughter" of the Mormon Battalion. Her ancestors were among the early settlers of Amer- ica.
In 1908 she married Carl Lloyd Smart, the eldest son of the late Thomas Smart. Ten years later she accompanied her husband to the Eastern states where they both served as missionaries. Since their return to Utah, they have made their home in Salt Lake City.
MRS. N. A. DUNYON
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Mrs. Dunyon is returning to the legislature for her second term of office, as representative from Salt Lake county, having made such a record as secured her renomination by her party.
A native of Salt Lake City, being the daughter of Mrs. Eliza- beth Bonnemart, she received her early education in its public schools, later attending the St. Mary's academy and the Univer- sity of Utah.
As chairman of Indian Wel- fare, a department of the State Federation of Women's Clubs, she has rendered distinctive service.
In the last legislature, she served on the Public Health and Education committees where she is said( to have done excellent work. Mining interests also re- ceived her attention.
Conventions and Conferences
General Board members visited Relief Society stake con- ventions and conferences, which were held in all the stakes dur- ing 1924, as follows :
Alberta — Miss Sarah M. McLelland. Alpine — Mrs. Louise Y. Robison, Mrs.
Emma A. Empey. Bannock — Mrs. Julia A. Child. Bear Lake — Mrs. Barbara H. Richards. Beaver — Mrs. Julia A. F. Lund. Benson — Mrs. Barbara H. Richards. Big Horn — Miss Sarah M. McLelland. Bingham — Mrs. Barbara H. Richards. Blackfoot — Mrs. Jennie B. Knight. Blaine — Mrs. Lotta P. Baxter. Boise — Mrs. Jeannette A. Hyde. Box Elder — Mrs. Clarissa S. Williams,
Mrs. Amy W. Evans. Burley — Mrs. Louise Y. Robison. Cache — Mrs. Lotta P. Baxter, Mrs. Bar- bara H. Richards. Carbon — Miss Sarah M. McLelland. Cassia — Mrs. Jeannette A. Hyde. Cottonwood — Mrs. Julia A. F. Lund, Mrs. Emma A. Empey. Curlew — Mrs. Amy W. Evans. Deseret — Mrs. Amy W. Evans. Duchesne — Mrs. Jennie B. Knight. Emery — Mrs. Annie Wells Cannon. Ensign — Mrs. Amy W. Evans, Mrs.
Lotta P. Baxter, Mrs. Julia A. Child. Franklin — Miss Sarah M. McLelland. Fremont — Mrs. Annie Wells Cannon. Garfield — Mrs. Julia A. F. Lund. Gunnison — Mrs. Rosannah • C. Irvine. Granite — Mrs. Amy B. Lyman, Miss
Sarah M. McLelland. Grant — Miss Sarah M. McLelland, Mrs.
Jeannette A. Hyde. Hyrum — Mrs. Louise Y. Robison. Idaho — Mrs. Cora L. Bennion. Jordan — Mrs. Jeannette A. Hyde, Mrs.
Annie Wells Cannon. Juab — Mrs. Louise Y. Robison. Juarez — Mrs. Annie Wells Cannon. Kanab — Mrs. Julia A. F. Lund. Lethbridge — Miss Sarah M. McLelland. Liberty — Mrs. Clarissa S. Williams, Mrs.
Louise Y. Robison. Logan — Mrs. Clarissa S. Williams, Mrs.
Julia A. F. Lund. Lost River — Mrs. Cora L. Bennion. Los Angeles — Mrs. Annie Wells Cannon. Malad — Mrs. Rosannah C. Irvine. Maricopa — Mrs. Annie Wells Cannon. Millard — Mrs. Amy W. Evans. Minidoka — Mrs. Julia A. Child. Montpelier — Mrs. Amy W. Evans. Moapa — Mrs. Louise Y. Robison. Morgan — Mrs. Barbara H. Richards. Mt. Ogden — Mrs. Jennie B. Knight, Mrs.
Lotta P, Baxter.
Nebo — Miss Sarah M. McLelland, Mrs.
Cora L. Bennion.
North Davis — Mrs. Jennie B. Knight,
Mrs. Louise Y. Robison. < North Sanpete — Mrs. Annie Wells Can- non. North Sevier — Mrs. Louise' Y. Robison. North Weber — Clarissa S. Williams, Mrs.
Amy B. Lyman. Ogden — Mrs. Louise Y. Robison, Mrs.
Rosannah. C. Irvine. Oneda — (Mrs. Louise Y. Robison. Oquirrh — Miss Sarah M. McLelland, Mrs.
Emma A. Empey. Panguitch — Mrs. Julia A. F. Lund. Parowan — Mrs. Cora L. Bennion. Pioneer — Mrs. Amy B. Lyman, Mrs. Cora
L. Bennion. Pocatello — Mrs. Julia A. Child. Portneuf — Mrs. Amy W. Evans. Raft River — Mrs.Julia A. Child. Rigby — Mrs. Louise Y. Robison. Roosevelt — Mrs. Jennie B. Knight. St. George — Mrs. Julia A. Child. St. Johns — Mrs. Jennie B. Knight. St. Joseph — Mrs. Annie Wells Cannon. Salt Lake— Mrs. Julia A. Child, Mrs.
Annie Wells Cannon,. Mrs. Lalene
H. Hart. San Juan — Mrs. Lotta P. Baxter. San Luis — Mrs. Lotta P. Baxter. Sevier — Mrs. Jeannette A. Hyde. Shelley — Mrs. Cora L. Bennion. Snowflake — Mrs. Jennie B. Knight. South Davis — Mrs. Julia A. F. Lund.
Mrs. Amy W. Evans. South Sanpete — Mrs. Julia A. F. Lund. South Sevier — Mrs. Louise Y. Robison. Star Valley — Miss Sarah M. McLelland. Summit — Mrs. Rosannah C. Irvine. Taylor — Miss Sarah M. McLelland. Teton — Mrs. Julia A. F. Lund. Tintic— Mrs. Julia A. Child. Tooele — Mrs. Jennie B. Knight. Twin Palls — Miss Sarah M. McLelland. Uintah — Mrs. Jennie B. Knight. Union — Mrs. Lotta P. Baxter. Utah — Mrs. Jennie B. Knight, Mrs.
Lotta P. Baxter. Wasatch — Mrs. Amy W. Evans. Wayne — Mrs. Amy W. Evans. Weber — Mrs. Jeanette A. Hyde, Mrs.
Emma A. Empey. Woodruff — Mrs. Amy W. Evans. Yellowstone — Mrs. Lotta P. Baxter. Young — Mrs. Lotta P. Baxter.
NOTES FROM THE FIELD
Amy Brown Lyman
Annual Dues.
Women of the Relief Society will remember that annual dues for 1925, including membership and stake dues, should be paid in January, and not later than February, 1925. They will therefore be prepared to remit the same to the officers or to the visiting teachers. Every stake takes a pride in having the dues sent in on time. Last year Weber stake used a small envelope for collecting dues which was very helpful. Printed on the envelope following the space for the name of donor was this: "My Relief Society dues for year 1924 — 50c. (The Society must pay for the member who fails to pay her dues.)"
Cottonwood Stake.
At a fair held recently in Brinton ward, the Relief Society, which numbers only thirty members, cleared $131.95, which was turned in on the new chapel. Each pair of teachers of the eight districts was asked to be responsible for the making of one quilt. A house to house canvass was made which resulted in materials for eight lovely quilts, which were duly made. Seven of the quilts brought in $65.50, and the eighth was given as a prize. The apron and notions booths was also very successful, bringing in $66.45.
Snowflake Stake.
As a means of publicity for the group convention held in this stake, and in order to insure a good attendance, Mrs. Pearl N. Fish, the stake secretary of Snowflake stake Relief Society, sent out seventy letters announcing the meetings and program, and calling attention to the importance of the gathering. An excellent response was the result.
North Davis Stake.
On the 15th of October, the North Davis stake Relief Society board entertained in honor of the ward presidents. The stake presidency, high council, and the bishoprics of the several wards were special guests. The hall was decorated in keeping with Hallowe'en. The program consisted of games and dancing in which all took part. At 10:30 an excellent luncheon was served to 125 people, during which President Emily Brough responded to the toast, "Our Officers," and the Farmington Quartette furnished special numbers. The occasion furnished excellent opportunity for all to get acquainted.
Guide Lessons for March
LESSON I (First Week in March)
Theology and Testimony
THE ADAMIC DISPENSATION
The Period — From the Advent of Man to the Translation of the City of Enoch, About iooo Years
Part I— Adam
A. Some Leading Events
1. The Fall and Banishment — In the Garden of Eden our first parents became estranged from God. Here they took into their systems the seeds of physical death. Here they became like Gods in one particular, knowing good from evil — therefore, moral agents. Here they received the spiritual death-sentence of banish- ment from the presence of God : "Wherefore 1 the Lord God caused that he should be cast out from the Garden of Eden, from my presence, because of his transgression, wherein he be- came spiritually dead, which is the first death, even that same death, which is the last death, which is spiritual, which shall 'be pronounced upon the wicked when I shall say — Depart, ye cursed." Doc. and Cov., Sec. 29:41.
A fulness of the gospel in the Garden seems to have been limited to one ordinance, two commands, and frie teaching of the doctrines of obedience, free agency, and penalties.
Outside of the Garden of Eden, with a memory of all the joys of Eden, the father and mother of the race found them- selves face to face with the double command, "Replenish and subdue the earth." We have no record of a single murmur from either of them. They had lost Eden, but they had each other. The first ordinance performed on earth which made them one carried over into the heaven-making process of home building.
Without the recollection of their pre-existent promise to face thorns and thistles, and legions of spirits who lost their first estate, this single pair faced the fight for existence with no dream as yet of life hereafter or of salvation or exaltation. Among the new experiences came the one of the realization that, "Absence makes the heart grow fonder," and they found themselves yearn- ing for God * * * They were ready for the first great event outside of Eden.
40 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE
2. The First Prayer — Adam and Eve prayed not only as children and youths can pray; but as parents only can pray. It appears that as grandparents they sent this petition from earth to heaven. (See Pearl of Great Price; Book of Moses v:2, 3, 4.)
To that prayer came an answer, in the voice of God — the voice from which Adam had fled. Was it not in answer to the universal cry of the soul to God, "Lord, what wouldst thou have me do?" The cry that gives evidence of unconditional spiritual surrender to the will of God; a condition in which Je<=us always kept himself.
3. The First Sacrifice — The answer to the prayer came. It was a requirement, a gospel requirement. Adam and Eve were to know that "Sacrifice brings forth the blessings of heaven." They offered the best to the Lord : the best of themselves, their hearts ; the best of their posessions, the firstling of the flock. Moses V:5.
The obedience to the first command outside of Eden has sometimes been called erroneously blind obedience.
The sacrifice was an outward test of the inner self ; a material test of the spiritual self.
Tested and found true, man was ready for the next great event: an official presentation of the redemption part of the gospel.
4. The First Messenger — An angel, a messenger from God came with the message of eternal life for mortal man: a plan by which banished man may come back into the enjoyable presence of God with an everlasting resurrected body.
The revelation of this plan filled Adam and Eve with so much faith and hope that they rejoiced over even the sad experience of the past, out of which the Lord in his majesty and mercy had brought good.
5. The First Baptism — This event completed the spiritual re-birth. It was a free-agency birth, an official birth; they were "born of the water and of the spirit :" "And thus he was baptized, and the Spirit of God descended upon him, and thus he was born of the Spirit, and became quickened in the inner man.
"And he heard a voice out of heaven, saying: Thou art baptized with fire, and with the Holy Ghost. This is the record of the Father, and the Son, from henceforth and forever;
"And thou art after the order of him who was without be- ginning of days or end of years, from all eternity to all eternity.
"Behold, thou art one in me, a son of God ; and thus may all become my sons. Amen." Book of Moses vi :64-67. ,
Closely related to the first baptism was the bestowal of the Priesthood indicated by the contents of verse sixty-seven, above quoted.
GUIDE LESSONS FOR MARCH 41
6. The First Great Sorrow — The most woeful event in the life of Adam and Eve was the first death in the family. They had not failed to teach their children and set them good examples. They had prayed for their children and had done all they could for the spiritual growth of their posterity; but in spite of it all they met an event that made a martyr and a devil. The first funeral was held under circumstances indescribably distressing. It was not the death of Abel that cut deepest as a sorrow blow, but the conduct of Cain and the other children who were acces- sory to his crime. Their fate was the chief source of sorrow. "And Adam and Eve, his wife, mourned before theLord because of Cain and his brethren'' (Pearl of Great Price; Moses v:27.)
7. The Birth of Seth — It appears that the death of Abel left the posterity of Adam without a person worthy of the holy Priesthood and we can imagine what hope, what prospective and immediate happiness accompanied the birth of the son who would "walk in the ways of the Lord", and officiate in the name of the Savior yet unborn. Happy day for the human family, the day when Seth was born.
8. The Great Home-Coming — Among the joy-giving events was the home-coming for blessings, when Adam blessed his pos- terity and they blessed him. "Three years previous to the death of Adam, he called Seth, Enos, Cainan, Mahalaleel, Jared, Enoch, and Methuselah, who were all High Priests, with the residue of his posterity who were righteous, into the valley of Adam-ondi- Ahman, and there bestowed upon them his last blessing.
"And the Lord appeared unto them, and they rose up and blessed Adam, and called him Michael, the prince, the archangel.
"And the Lord administered comfort unto Adam, and said un- to him, I have set thee to be at the head, a multitude of nations shall come of thee, and thou art a prince over them forever." Doc. and Cov., 107:53-55.
B. Brief Biography of Adam.
The archangel who led the host of heaven against Lucifer, (Rev. 12:7) ; the son of God, (Luke 3:38) ; the father of the human race, (Genesis) ; the contender with Satan over the body of Moses, (Jude. 9) ; a celestial-glory being, (Doc. and Cov., Commentary, p. 571) ; the one who is to lead the army against Satan in the final contest, (Doc. and 'Cov., Sec. 88:111-116).
C. Summary of Doctrines Taught.
Free agency, rewards and punishments, atonement, faith, re- pentance, baptism, resurrection of the body, final judgment, pre- existence and eternal progress.
Ordinances performed — marriages, baptism, conferring of the Priesthood, giving of Patriarchial blessings, and possibly others.
42 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE
D. Some Lessons to the Ages.
Obedience must be learned ; ''Sacrifice brings forth the bless- ings of heaven;" God and one man are a majority. Prayer is a key for opening the heavens.
E. Questions and Problems.
1. About what time is covered by the Adamic Dispensation?
2. To what extent did man become like unto God through the Fall?
3. What seems to have been the fulness of the gospel to Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden ?
4. Why was the redemption part of the plan of salvation not given to them in the Garden?
5. Describe the baptism of Adam as recorded in the Pearl of Great Price.
6. Discuss the ways and means we have, which Adam and Eve did not have, for obeying the command still in force, "Teach these things freely to your children."
7. What does the last sentence of the Pearl of Great Price, Moses v :23 indicate concerning the destiny of Cain and Satan?
8. Name some of the positions held by Adam of which we have record.
9. Mention the doctrines taught and the ordinances per- formed in the days of Adam.
10. How many patriarchs were present at the "home-com- ing" three years before the death of Adam? (See Doc. and Cov., Sec. 107:53).
LESSON II (Second Week in March)
Work and Business
TEACHERS' TOPIC FOR MARCH
CONSUMPTION OF MILK
A. Some women feel that milk is a difficult thing to handle, but if the K. C. rule is followed the problem is nearly solved.
Keep Clean. Keep Cool. Keep Covered.
B. Delicious milk dishes.
1. Milk soups.
2. Milk puddings.
3. Bread and milk.
4. Cottage cheese.
5. Ice cream.
GUIDE LESSONS FOR MARCH 43
C. A quart of milk a day for every growing child.
D. Suggestions for safety.
1. Source of supply.
2. How handled.
3. Pasteurized milk considered safest.
LESSON III (Third Week in March)
Literature
EMILY DICKINSON
A few months ago the Literary Digest announced a new edition of Emily Dickinson's poems. Interest in Emily Dickinson had waned considerably, when all at once a revival of interest in her poems occurred in literary circles. So far reaching is this revival that publishers are willing to chance a new edition of her poems, feeling sure that they are taking no financial risk.
All this is not without reason. Today we have a type of poetry which we call new poetry. Many of our modern poets are of this school. Amy Lowell, the sister of tne president of Harvard University, is conspicious as a writer of the new poetry.
The new poetry favors colorful words, words full of sugges- tiveness; that is, words which arouse images of beautiful sights or beautiful sounds. The poets who write the new poetry put much emphasis on words of this sort. Emily Dickinson did just that thing forty or fifty years ago, but because she was somewhat alone in her method she did not attract the attention that she would do today, now that her style of writing has become the fashion of the hour, for all students of literature know that there are fashions in literature just as there are fashions in dress, and all women know that fashions in dress come and go, and often come back again.
Emily Dickinson was born in Amherst, the well known col- lege town of the state of Massachussetts, Dec. 10, 1830, the year the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was organized, and died at Amherst, May 15, 1886.
Because it is difficult to find her poems in any except very complete libraries, we shall include some six or seven in this lesson, and trust to our readers to find additional biographical material elsewhere. If the task proves difficult, it is not of any great consequence, for Emily Dickinson's poems did not grow out of biographical situations, as did many of Longfellow's, but
44 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE
rather from observation and experience. This much is sure that, like Robert Burns the Scotch poet, and William Cullen Bryant, the American poet, she loved nature deeply ; by that we mean she loved the birds, flowers and trees by which she herself was surrounded, and not the birds, flowers and trees, that grew in other lands.
It is one of the autumn months in which this lesson is being prepared, so we shall include her poem "Autumn," first of all:
The morns are meeker than they were,
The nuts are getting brown;
The berry's cheek is plumper,
The rose is out of town.
The maple wears a gayer scarf,
The field a scarlet gown,
Lest I should be old-fashioned
I'll put a trinket on.
You will note that many of the lines in this poem suggest color, a prevailing note of autumn; while she herself, feeling that she may be out of harmony with nature, resolves to put a dash of color into her costume.
It will likely be near the Spring time when the lesson is studied, so we include two of her bird poems, first, "The Robin," because it comes early in the spring ; and second, "The Hum- ming-Bird," since it is one of our summer birds:
The Robin is the one That interrupts the morn With hurried, few, express reports, When March is scarcely on.
The Robin is the one That overflows the noon With her cherubic quantity, An April but begun.
The Robin is the one That, speechless from her nest, Submits that home and certainty And sanctity are best.
Note that in the last stanza of the poem the poet has the
robin feel, above all else, the sanctity of home. It is not the
morning song, nor the song at noon that is valued most by the bird, but the guarding of the nest.
GUIDE LESSONS FOR MARCH 45
THE HUMMING BIRD
A route of evanescence With a revolving wheel; A resonance of emerald, A rush of cochineal ; And every blossom on the bush Adjusts its tumbled head, — The mail from Tunis probably, An easy morning's ride.
The Humming-bird seems so thoroughly modern, that it is very difficult to feel that it was not written by one of our present- day poets. The last two lines, intimating that so swift is the flight of the bird that it could bring mail from Tunis in an easy morning ride, reminds us of how much more rapidly distance is covered by our flying machines than any other contrivance we have for travel.
Another poem, full of Summer, is "Out of the Morning:"
Will there really be a morning?
Is there such a thing as day? Could I see it from the mountains,
If I were as tall as they?
Has it feet like water- lilies?
Has it feathers like a bird? Is it brought from famous countries
Of which I have never heard?
Oh, some scholar! Oh, some sailor!
Oh, some wise man from the skies Please to tell a little pilgrim
Where the place called morning lies !
Note the number of beautiful images this poem suggests to the sight:
IN THE GARDEN
A bird came down the walk,
He did not know I saw; He bit an angle-worm ^1 halves
And ate the fellow raw.
And then he drank a dew
From a convenient grass, And then hopped sidewise to the wall
To let a beetle pass.
46 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE
He glanced with rapid eyes
That hurried all abroad, They looked like frightened beads, I thought;
He stirred his velvet head
Like one in danger ; cautious,
I offered him a crumb, And he unrolled his feathers
And rowed him softer home.
Than oars divide the ocean,
Too silver for a seam, Or butterflies, off banks of noon,
Leap, splashless, as they swim.
While Emily Dickinson is closely allied in her work with many of our present day poets, she is also like the New England •poets in that frequently she implies a moral in her poems. A moral is implied in, "The Robin," in, "If I can stop one heart from breaking," and in Chartless." We shall conclude the lesson by quoting the last two.
IF I CAN STOP ONE HEART FROM BREAKING
If I can stop one heart from breaking,
I shall not live in vain ;
If I can ease one life the aching,
Or cool one pain,
Or help one fainting robin
Into his nest again,
I shall not live in vain.
CHARTLESS
I never saw a moor, I never saw the sea ; Yet know I how the heather looks And what a wave must be.
I never spoke with God, Nor visited in heaven; Yet certain am I of the spot As if the chart were given.
This exquisite little poem reveals the poets own faith in God
GUIDE LESSONS FOR MARCH 47
and immortality, consequently we feel it supplies a fitting climax to the lesson.
Questions and Problems
1. How many months had the Church been organized when Emily Dickinson was born ?
2. Suggest a group of images that appeal to the sight in the poem, "Autumn."
3. What do the words evanescence and cochineal mean?
4. Do you think the poets description of the movement of the humming bird particularly happy, when she speaks of it as. "A route of evanescence with a revolving wheel?"
5. Where is Tunis located?
6. Point out the analogy existing between the first and second stanzas in, "Chartless."
7. What are the implied morals in the three poems, "The Robin," "If I Can Stop One Heart From Breaking." and "Chart- less?"
LESSON IV (Fourth Week in March)
Social Service
The Unstable Family
Human experiences of various kinds have the power to shake and uproot even the finest convictions and the most deep- bedded ideals. Frequently, we see individuals who have been thoroughly dependable, who have been as stable as the most steadfast rock, disintegrate and crumble to pieces. The elements in human experience that cause this change from stability to in- stability often are obscure and difficult to analyze. But it is important to those who are working with individuals and families to attempt to gain an understanding of the experiences and in- fluences that cause this deterioration.
The term unstable as applied to individuals or families cannot ibe given an exact definition. An unstable family may be one that misfortune, such as sickness, accident, or death, has dis- rupted, leaving some of the members without the normal family ties. Or it may be one that has been broken by more subtle destroy- ing influences, with the result that one or both of the parents desert or neglect the children, shifting the responsibility of their
48 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE
care to relatives, friends, or public agencies. An unstable family may be one that lives together, but where selfishness and bitter- ness have broken the real bonds of affection and solidarity. An unstable family can be recognized not entirely by its exterior mode of living but also by its inner life, by the attitude of the members toward one another, by the depth of affection, by the presence or undue selfishness, and by the lack of willingness of each one to shoulder the burdens of the others.
The most obvious manifestations of instability — desertion, divorce, and the neglect of children — often come to the attention of family agencies. The treatment that is usually applied is not very effective. The deserter or the parent who neglects his chil- dren can be summoned to court and the state may order him to provide for his family, or it may remove the children from his custody.
While such measures are necessary in extreme cases, the remedy applied does not affect the real problem. Long before desertion or neglect of family responsibilities brings a family to the attention of an agency or results in court charges, the insidious elements that cause family disintegration are at work. In order to understand and treat the disrupted family, it is necessary to know what experiences, circumstances and misfortunes brought about the disruption.
It may be possible, then, with an understanding of the factors that were responsible for the deterioration, to rebuild the family to a level of stability. New habits and more wholesome attitudes must be introduced. The broken family must be given a better understanding of the causes of their failures, and they must be given courage to start the process of reconstruction. It is, of course, more far-sighted to recognize early symptoms and pos- sible causes of family instability and to control as far as possible the circumstances which later would lead to serious difficulties.
One of the most fundamental factors in insuring stability m any given family and thus preventing possible disruption is the ability of young married couples to learn to adjust early to the responsibilities of marriage and parenthood. Where an indi- vidual, for example, a man, lives alone he may do largely as he pleases. Upon the entrance of a second individual into his life, such as a woman who becomes his wife, adjustment must begin immediately in order to insure peace. Upon the advent of a third individual, such as a child born to a young couple, further ad- justments are necessarv on the part of the parents. And, in pro- portion as the family increases in number, adjustment must take place in the same ratio.
Petty annoyances caused by oversights, small failures, or quick temper can be serious irritants in the family circle. The
GUIDE LESSONS FOR MARCH 49
failure of the breadwinner or the homemaker to fill the right- ful expectations of the other, may lead to subsequent unpleasant- ness. Sickness, either mental or physical, often incapacitates an individual and prevents him from adjusting properly and from meeting his responsibilities as he should. Such conditions should receive careful consideration and attention, and the best treatment possible in order to avoid disastrous results to the family.
In order to insure family tranquility and solidarity, the family as a whole, and individually, must, in addition to adjusting to each other, learn to adjust to circumstances which govern the family, and also to society generally. In the case of loss of property or the temporary loss of position, or even in the case of a death, the members of the family should unitedly adjust to the change and should combine their efforts to replace, as far as possible, the loss and to make the best of the change.
Another important factor in successful family life is proper preparation and training for family life. It is believed that family instability is often the result of lack of training on the part of prospective parents. Young men are often not trained to take the responsibility of providing for a family ; indeed, many a young man has previous to his marriage not been able, or has not been required, to support even himself, to say nothing of supporting a wife and children. Young women, on the other hand, are often not trained to keep a home. They have not been taught to bake bread, sew, mend, to say nothing of managing a home and caring for children. It seems to be expected of them that they will instinctively meet these great responsibilities.
Failure on the part of the husband to provide for the family, or failure on the part of the wife to keep up the home and care for children, may result in an unhappy, contentious home life, separation, divorce, or desertion.
A home may not meet with problems of instability until the children mature. Each may then become so engrossed in his own ambitions, or may become so intent on his own pursuit of pleasure that the family as a unit becomes a shaky structure. "A house divided against itself cannot stand." Some families, however, retain their solidarity and strong bonds of kinship al- though sheltered in different homes or even living in different parts of the globe.
The stability of a family is dependent on a constant satis- factory adjustment among the members. Each individual should have an opportunity for self-development. If, however, the selfish interests of one member interfere with the development of the others, a danger post in the family life has been reached.
Reference'- The Normal Lifer Edward T. Devine: Family Bonds, page 138: Divorce and Desertion, page 157.
50 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE
Questions and Problems
1. What are some of the manifestations of an unstable family ?
2. What are some of the causes?
3. Discuss a constructive, preventive plan which, in your opinion, would help to insure family solidarity and prevent dis- ruption.
4. Why do women sometimes get discouraged?
5. Why do men sometimes desert their families?
6. Is it a wise policy to permit deserted wives to place children in orphanages?
7. What should be done by a social worker before children are removed from homes because of neglect?
Supplement to October Theology Lesson Published in August Magazine
In answer to the question: "Who were the 'ninety and nine'* in the Parable of the Good Shepherd as recorded in Luke 15:2- 7 ?" the following is submitted :
"A direct application of the parable appears in the Lord's concise address to the Pharisees and scribes : "I say unto you, that likewise joy shall be in heaven over one sinner that repenteth, more than over ninety and nine just persons, which need no re- pentance.' Were they, the ninety and nine, who, by self -estima- tion had strayed not, being 'just persons, which need no re- pentance?' Some readers say they catch this note of just sarcasm in the Master's concluding words. In the earlier part of the story, the Lord himself appears as the solicitous Shepherd, and by plain implication his example is such as the theocratic leaders ought to emulate. Such a conception puts the Pharisees and scribes in the position of shepherds rather than of sheep. Both explications are tenable; and each is of value as portraying the status and duty of professing servants of the Master in all ages." — Page 455 Jesus the Christ by James E. Talmage.
"Many have marveled that there should be greater rejoicing over the recovery of one stray sheep, or the saving of a soul that had been as one lost, than over the many who have not been in such jeopardy. In the safe- folded ninety and nine the Shepherd had continued joy; but to him came a new accession of happiness, brighter and stronger because of his recent grief, when the lost was brought back to the fold." — Page 390, Jesus the Christ, by James E. Talmage.
In keeping with what is known of the matchless teaching
GUIDE LESSONS FOR MARCH 51
ability of Jesus we may think of his illustrations in reaching the various points of contact, in classes and individuals, consistently interpretable from more than one point of view.
To the Pharisees, were not the "ninety and nine" intended to represent that self-righteous class? To the disciples, the "ninety and nine" were no doubt considered as those who were safe in the kingdom, a constant joy to the Lord, but who would be relatively forgotten, for the moment, in the flood of joy that accompanied the rescue of a human soul. It would be an occasion when the joy of the triumph of the rescuer, and the joy of the presence of the rescued, meet and form a current of gladsomeness that, for the moment, sweep all other joys into forgetfulness.
This high tide of happiness occasioned by repentance will not, however, at once carry the repentant one to a place of per- manent preference even equal to those who have not taken long the detour route to heaven.
It seems safe to say that to the self-righteous Pharisees the parable was a rebuke : they were to see themselves as the "ninety and nine." To the disciples the parable was a sermon on the value of a soul: they were to see the "ninety and nine" as angels in heaven joining in the rejoicing in which they were quite forgotten.
George H. Brimhall.
Outline of Guide Lessons for 1925
A brief outline of the Guide Lessons for the coming year is here given:
The Theological department will study these subjects under the general heading of "The Dispensations of the Gospel," under this will come:
1. The Adamic Dispensation.
2. The Noachian Dispensation.
3. The Abrahamic Dispensation.
4. The Mosaic Dispensation.
5. The Messianic Dispensation.
The Literary department will continue the study of American authors, and will take up such writers as, Sidney Lanier, Emily Dickenson, James Whitcomb Riley, Eugene Field, Edwin Mark- ham, Joaquin Miller, Amy Lowell and others.
Subjects vital to the home and community will be discussed by the teachers during the year 1925. These are The Ob- servance of the Quarantine Law, The Curfew Law, Milk — Its Care and Use, House and Town Clean-Up, The Fly, Coopera- tion Between School Authorities and Parents in Simplifying Graduation Exercises, Recreation, Physicial Preparation of Chil-
52 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE
dren for School, A Better and More Pleasurable Hallowe'en, Appropriate Thanksgiving, Spirit of Christmas Rather than Gift- Giving.
The Social Service department will study:
1. Planning a Family Budget.
2. Housing, Housekeeping.
3. The Backward Child, (including feeble-mindedness.)
4. Educational Opportunities.
5. Recreational Opportunities.
6. The Unstable Family, (desertion, immorality.)
7. Homeless Children.
8. Old Age.
9. Family Responsibility. 10. The Religious Ideal.
A Little Word
By Irene Judy
The breath of spring was in the air
My heart was light and free ; Sweet flowers nodded everywhere,
And oh, so merrily. I trod the path I loved,
For life was bright and gay — ' But someone spoke a bitter word
And all the world seemed gray,
Thick hung the heavy clouds o'er head ;
My aching heart was sore; The nodding flowers were long since dead,
As wearily once more I trod the path to home;
All life was dark as night — But someone spoke a loving word,
And all the world seemed bright.
— Kansas City Star.
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Vol. XII
FEBRUARY, 1925
No. 2
CONTENTS
American Fork Canyon in February.. ..Frontispiece
Love's Romance Alfred Lambourne 53
The Editor Abroad Alice Louise Reynolds 55
Eliza S. Neslin Lula Greene Richards 62
Jewels Annie Wells Cannon 63
A Family of Slaves that Help You
Newman I. Butt 64
Like Crumbled Rose Petals..Ruth Moench Bell 68
Albert Edward Winship Alfred Osmond 79
Editorial— Dr. Albert Edward Winship 80
Great Names 81
Lincoln's Appeal for Loyalty to All Laws.... 82
Diet for the Nursing Mother Jean Cox 83
Of Interest to Women Lalene H. Hart 87
Notes from the Field Amy Brown Lyman 89
Guide Lessons for April 95
Organ of the Relief Society of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
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LOVE'S ROMANCE
Alfred Lamboutne
The Age of Chivalry hath passed away: The banner' d Lists, the Tourney's war-like sport; The vigil kept in some cathedral gray; The steel-clad victor flush'd in Beauty's court. Sir Galahad seeks not the Holy Grail, Roland, the Brave, in secret weeps no more, Nor Launcelot, great knight of ancient tale Rides through the land, wins fame from shore to shore. Yet romance lives, nor lost its olden charms; In life's vast drama acts its unseen part; Of trumpet call what need or flash of arms, The silken pledge, the rose worn o'er the heart? Romance its service knows, above all strife Dwells the Soul, makes Love the Key of Life!
THE
Relief Society Magazine
Vol. XII FEBRUARY, 1925 No. 2
The Editor Abroad
The Land of Scott and Burns
Alice Louise Reynolds
As one enters Scotland, one is impressed with its pastoral beauty. On every hand one sees little farms of green grass, flecked here and there with white daisies and purple thistles. These farms are surrounded by fences ; sometimes low stone walls, cov- ered with ivy; sometimes these low stone walls form only the groundwork for a hawthorn hedge ; and sometimes, and then they are the most beautiful, there is only the hawthorne hedge.
At intervals between these farms are thei well kept country roads, the motorists' delight. These roads are not infrequently lined with double rows of trees, making long, green avenues, of trees that have had time to mature — of trees that cast their lovely branches across one's path until one fancies he is in a fairy tower.
On these little farms we saw wheat being garnered for the winter, and good, fat sheep carrying heavy coats of long wool, being driven through the country lanes in a very gentle fashion, by very gentle shepherds, it would seem. These sheep were clean, for they spend much time in the green grass, kept clean by fre- quent rains.
On these farms and in the villages adjoining them we saw little white cottages, of one story, clean on the outside and ex- tremely clean on the inside we were told. They were very humble cottages, containing few of what we would call modern conven- iences, but homes we were assured from which the spirit of contentment had not departed, and where much happiness is found.
Riding along one of these delightful avenues in a motor car, we saw at no great distance the Solway, which at once brought to mind Scott's famous lines in "Young Lochinvar," a tribute to the occupants of the old castle of Gordon, the Knights of Loch- invar. But his poem in which he tells us that "Love ebbs like
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the Solway and flows like its tide," is not the only place in which Scott speaks of the ebbing and flowing of the Solway ; for a sim- ilar reference is made in his novel Red Gauntlet. One of the last Scotch rivers we visited was the Tweed, a reminder of Scott's reference in "Marmion," to "Tweed's fair river."
All this by way of introduction, merely to emphasize the fact that lovely as Scotland is, it has an added beauty that none can measure, for its poets have immortalized it in such fashion that it stands before us an enchanted land, with history and legend so commingled that its history is poetry and its poetry is history.
Wordsworth had said that there is no better time to visit the English Lake Districts than in September or October. It was during the last ten days of September that our party, consist- ing of Professor James L. Barker, his wife, Mrs. Kate Mont- gomery Barker, their two daughters Nancy and Margaret, and their little son "Jim," Mrs. Kate Carathers, Miss Vilate Elliott and myself, made a trip through Scotland in a motor car. This brought us in contact with the Autumn tints, as well as the rain- fall, which came each day with such surprising regularity that the weather man, distressed by the drought in California and Utah, was seeking to even things up by according to Great Britain an overgenerous supply. In introducing the members of the party, it is with a belief that it will add materially to the interest of the articles, as our aim is to make them somewhat chatty and informal, and the introduction of one's traveling com- panions helps to bring about the desired results.
We had spent the night in Carlisle, an English city of con- siderable interest, and of considerable importance. We had just passed through the English Lake Districts, famous the world over for their beauty, and so we mused half wondering whether Scotland and her Lake Districts would be equally beautiful, when we were suddenly made aware that we had crossed the Scottish border. Five members of our party were of Scottish ancestry; the parents of one of them had been born in Scotland, the grand- parents of another, as for the three younger members, it was for them, grandparents once removed. Five of the eight persons comprising the group had never visited Scotland before. It was a tense moment, "Sing something," this request came from Mrs. Barker, who intimated, thereby, that she had little faith in her own ability to sing under the present stress of emotion, or else that she did not indulge in singing under any circumstances. In any event, one tried "Annie Laurie," another "Auld Lang Syne," yet another the "Bonnie, Bonnie Banks of Lock Lomond," while a fourth, the venerable aunt, sang, "Ye Banks and Braes of Bonnie Doon." Perhaps none of us succeeded in doing anything that might rightfully be called singing, but we did succeed in relieving
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our pent up emotions, and in proving once more that there is no dearth of songs in Scotch literature.
Finally, we arrived in Dumfries, a city in the south of Scot- land, which Burns designated, the "Queen City of the South." We visited first the Mausoleum, where he and his wife are buried. They had struggled on in poverty with a family of nine children; only one of their descendants is now alive, a maiden lady, Jean Armour Burns Brown. It would seem after their struggle to rear their family that fate has been a bit unkind.
The Mausoleum is one of many beautiful monuments found all over Scotland, as well as other parts of Great Britain, to the memory of the chief of our English song writers. From the
MAUSOLEUM OF BURNS
Mausoleum we passed to the little home where the poet died, a considerable part of which has been converted into a Burn's Museum, and on the window of which one may see his name scratched with a diamond ring.
We now turned towards Ayr, the city of his birth. On our way we visited Ellisland, a farm which the poet leased from Mr. Metier in 1788. Here he composed "Tarn O'Shanter," "Auld Lang Syne," "To Mary in Heaven," and a number of other favorites. .Passing from Ellisland, Mossgill was in our path, a place where Burns lived three years, and where he wrote a good many poems, most of them in the stable loft where he slept. "The
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Cotter's Saturday N^ght," a great favorite with the Scotch people, was written there.
When we left Dumfries we expected to reach Ayr before night, but a side trip to one of the Douglas castles prevented, most fortunately, as we afterwards viewed the matter ; for at nightfall we found ourselves at a typical country hotel, in a land of Scottish shepherds. The place was New Galloway. It was one of those family hotels in Great Britain that makes travel so charming and homelike, if one is just fortunate enough to find them. We found such a one in Canterbury, in lApril, 1911, and again in Leamington, in the Shakespeare country, in April and July of 1911.
The people who were in the hotel in New Galloway gathered around the fire, in the drawing room, which added much to their comfort, for the rainfall had been heavy during the day, and the air unusually chilly for that season of the year. In addition to our party, there were four Scotch ladies ; the lady from Edin- burgh proved especially entertaining. In the course of the con- versation she told us she thought she would prefer living in Edin- burgh to any 'other city she knew of. A visit to this city, a few days later, left our party feeling that the lady had not gone far astray in the matter. Someone in the party suggested that the Scotchman is receiving more than his share of attention, at present, as most of the stories told today appear to be on the Scotchman. The lady from Edinburgh admitted the Scotchman's worth- iness of such attention, and contributed a number of good Scotch stories herself. When we pressed her for some stories on the American, her reply was, that she was far too polite to tell stories on any save her own countrymen, not a bad rule to follow, perhaps.
The next morning we started for Ayr, and arrived during the morning hours. Of Ayr Burns wrote,
"Auld Ayr, wham ne'er a toon surpasses For honest men and bonnie lasses."
On the high street of the town we first came to the Tarn O'Shanter Inn, where Tarn O'Shanter and Sonter Jonny first had their social meetings, and from which Tarn started on his "eventful ride." At some distance, on the same street, is found the humble little cottage where Burns was born. It is one-story- high with a thatched roof, and was built by the poet's father. In 1901 it was restored and made to look as nearly as possible as it did in the poet's lifetime. Persons! wishing to visit it, go first into the grounds, passing later through the barn, on into a room where a few relics are on exhibition, and last of all into the kitchen which, with its box-bed, is the apartment where Burns was born, January 25, 1759.
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ALLOW AY KIRK
A short distance ahead from the Burns cottage, we come to Alloway Kirk, now roofless, with the bells still hanging onto the gable. The poet's father is buried in this churchyard. The tomb- stone contains this tribute written by the son:
"O ye whose cheek the tear of pity stains,
Draw near with pious reverence and attend ; Here lies the loving husband's dear remains;
The tender father and the generous friend; The pity heart that felt for human woe;
The dauntless heart that felt no human pride ; The friend to man, to vice alone a foe,
For even his failings leaned to virtue's side."
But readers of Burns are more familiar with Alloway Kirk, as the place the witches were dancing, when Tarn, passing by on his grey mare Meg, startled them from their frolic, from whence they pursued him to the keystone of the arch, departing hence with Grey Meg's tail.
A very short distance from old Alloway Kirk is the Burn's monument, erected in 1820, at a cost of sixteen thousand dollars; its designer was Thomas Himlton, of Edinburgh. Among the most interesting relics in the monument are a Bible presented to Highland Mary, at the time that she and Robert Burn£ became engaged, and the wedding ring of Jean Armour. The! grounds about the monument are beautifully kept, the flowers were bloom- ing in profusion in late September. We were told that they were
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much more beautiful in July and August ; even so, they presented a perfect riot of color, at this time.
We next came to the "Brig of Doon." The bridge has a Norman arch and is very old. It deserves the poet's tribute so popular in song:
"Ye banks and braes O' bonny Doon,
How can ye bloom sae fresh and fair? How can ye chant, ye little birds,
And I sae weary fu'o' care? Thou'lt break my heart, thou warbling bird,
That wantons through the flowering thorn, Thou mind'st me of departed joys,
Departed — never to return."
We crossed the Brigs of Ayr, both tht Old Brig and the New Brig. If any of our readers are interested in these bridges they might find delight in reading Burn's poem, "The Twa Brigs of Ayr."
Leaving Ayr we started in search of Montgomery castle. The feeling in our party was most keen about the castle; for Mrs. Barker's uncle, her father's eldest brother, was the rightful heir to the castle. We were very much interested in knowing to whom the castle belonged at the present time. We rode along through a beautiful avenue of trees, finally reaching the lodge which, following the rule, in such cases, was at the gate, Mrs. Barker went to the lodge and was received by the wife of the keeper, who told her that the gentleman now in possession of the castle is one by the name of Arthur, but she added, he is not home, at present.
Nevertheless, we were permitted to enter the grounds, which we found to be exceedingly beautiful, and quite in keeping with the popular notion of estates belonging to British aristocrats.
But whether or not the estate has passed from its rightful owners, its name remains unchanged, and like Old Alloway Kirk, and the Brig of Doon, has been immortaliized by Burns, for it was here that Highland Mary lived, who was the dairy maid of the castle, and it was across this lovely country that Burns went to visit her.
"Ye banks and braes and streams around
The Castle O' Montgomery, Green be your woods and fair your flowers,
Your waters never drumlie! There Simmer first unfalds her robes,
And there the longest tarry; For there I took the last f areweel
O' my sweet Highland Mary."
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THE "BRIG OF DOON"
We left the Castle of Montgomery and drove into Glasgow. We had gone a distance of 41 miles during the day. When we arrived in Glasgow we learned that Sir Harry Lauder was billed for the week, and .that the people in Glasgow werei filling their commodious theatre twice each evening to hear him.
We had heard Harry Lauder several times in America, but to really know what Harry Lauder puts into his songs one must see him and hear him in his own Scotland.
The Clyde river runs through Glasgow in much the same way that the Thames runs through London and the Seine runs through Paris. On the evening that it was our good fortune to listen to Mr. Lauder the scenery that furnished the setting for one of his songs reflected the purple heather and yellow gorse of Scotland; and Harry Lauder, in a fancy Highland costume, sang, "Roamin' in the GlominJ, on the bonnie banks O' Clyde." In this en- vironment the song took on a meaning that it never could have taken on, in other surroundings; a fact made doubly clear as we listened to the reaction of the audience, for they greeted him with round on round of applause, at the first note from the orchestra.
There is much heart power in Scotland ; one can feel it in the words they use in their ordinary conversation, as well as in their highly emotional songs. Surely there is more heart power ex- pressed when a child is referred to as "A wee laddie," than as a
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little boy. Our party was late into Glasgow that evening, conse- quently we were able to obtain only standing room. Very proudly one connected with the theatre told us that Sir Harry Lauder would realize $10,000 from the week's engagement, and that, he added, is more than he makes in America. We did not argue the case with our informant, we merely enjoyed his pride, for it ap- peared to us to be the honest pride of Robert Burns; and when after standing most of the evening the usher was able to find us seats, because some one had left, we were a trifle pleased, I think, that he said to us, "Come and sit down and rest a wee bit."
Yes, Scotland is bonnie, from the Clyde to the Forth, from the Solway to the Tweed, whether ye take the high road or the low' road, it is all the same, from the banks and braes of bonnie Doon to the bonnie, bonnie banks of Lock Lomond.
Eliza S. Neslin
Mother of Clarence Neslen — Mayor of Salt Lake City
To Sister Eliza S. Neslen, who departed this life on Sunday Morn- ing, December 21, 1924.
Friend, neighbor, sister, kikd and well beloved :
For almost half a century we have lived so near that we could call each other from our thresholds. And never once a word of discord or unpleasantness has passed between us, because we are alike in views and aims. We both know God the eternal Father and his holy Son.
Our children, too, have grown to man- and womanhood, in daily converse, and without a jar. Always in readiness with gen- erous thought to help, not hinder, in their work or play.
And now you pass beyond the portals here to mingle with the faithful, blessed ones who know the Lord. The ties of love which weld our hearts are strong, and with this parting they are strained and pained. But you are given rest from mortal woes.
Rest, gentle heart — while, through the mist of tears, The rainbow promise unto us appears. You are not far removed, and we shall meet Ere long your smile of love and welcome sweet.
Lula Greene Richards.
Jewels
A Roman queen in ancient days, 'tis told, While gazing on some treasures finely wrought, In casques antique, her courtly friends had brought: Long ropes of pearls, -and rings, and combs of gold — That from the glittering sight she turned and stood With tender arms clasped 'round two lovely boys, "These are my jewels," she said, "my precious joys — No crown so bright, so rich as motherhood."
Oh Vanity! Your jewelled caskets close, Nor tempt with shining brilliants to ensnare Fair maids, but rather may they wisely choose To nestle in their arms love's gifts, and there Stand firm as Rome's fair queen, Cornelia, stood For joyous life and glorious motherhood.
Annie Weils Cannon.
A Family of Slaves that Help You
By Newman I. Butt
In former days only kings could afford slaves. Today even the commonest family makes use of many of them. Not human slaves, but inanimate workers that take much of the drudgery from life. Perhaps you have never looked upon petroleum and its products as slaves, but they are as truly made to do the physical and other work of man as were the slaves of the ancients.
The old kings had perhaps a dozen slaves carry him and attend to him on certain trips. Does it ever occur to you that when you jump into your car and take an hour's ride that you have had the equivalentof ten slaves' services. A gallon of gaso- line in a good automobile does about as much work as ten or- dinary men do in a day.
Many farm homes now enjoy the services of this same faith- ful aid to mankind. When you switch on a light of a farm light- ing-system run by gasoline, you are drawing on power which is the equivalent of one man's work. The ordinary gas engine, on the farm, which pumps the water, runs the milking machines, and other labor saving devices might be likened to ten or to twenty laborers.
Gasoline is one of the great emancipators of man. It makes it possible for him to run errands in a fraction of the time it did before he learned to use it. With it he can don wings and out- distance birds from two to five or six times. The deer was regarded as the fleetest of living things in days gone by, but the gas engine has transferred this honor to man. In the United States, in 1922, the consumption of gasoline was about six billion gallons, and if we consider each gallon as the equivalent of the labor of ten men we see that it is the same as if we had about two working men attending every man, woman, and child in our country.
But the automobile is doing more than merely speeding up our footsteps. Some people get no better schooling than the automobile furnishes. It is educating people on isolated farms as no other agent has done. It is allowing them to become better acquainted with their country and to enjoy entertainments and privileges which they have never known before. It is helping to build up good roads, so that farm products can more easily and cheaply be brought to the market. And it is perhaps giving a bet- ter course in mechanics and the care of machinery, than any other agent of today.
Thinking of the power locked within gasoline is likely to make one inquire into its history, and if we do this we come across a wonderful story. Gasoline, as most everyone knows,
SLAVES THAT HELP YOU
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comes from petroleum, which in turn comes from the mysterious bowels of the earth. Petroleum has been known for ages. The ancient Greeks burned it in their torches. They believe that one of their gods stole fire from heaven and brought it down to man in a hollow reed. For this crime the god was chained to the Caucasian mountains and from his torn liver streams of black petroleum have flowed ever since. In Asia Minor petroleum to this day is burning and flowing from certain fissures in the earth.
The Greeks, however, found too easy an explanation of the origin of petroleum. Scientists of today mostly agree that this wonderful substance has come from the partial decay of other wonderful material — the living plants and animals. In the trees and vegetables about us mother nature is patiently collecting energy from the sun and storing it in her beautiful gardens. A great forest tree, in a year, stores up about as much energy as we use in burning five gallons of gasoline or about one seventh of that contained in the food a man eats in a year. Somehow or other a portion of this energy is preserved from the decay which befalls most living matter. For many past ages, mother nature has been carefully tucking this preserved vegetable matter into the beds of the earth where this precious energy has been sleep- ing until we discovered it and put it to work. Today we are greedily absorbing about twenty-three billion gallons of petro- leum a year for various purposes.
Gasoline is only one of the two hundred or more petroleum products which man has made to serve him. The manufacturers can secure only 26 per cent of gasoline from crude petroleum, although they would be glad to secure a larger proportion of this highly prized labor-saver. Perhaps the most familiar of the other products is kerosene, or coal oil. Kerosene has been a faithful servant of man for a much longer time than gasoline but mostly in another capacity. It contains about the same amount ot energy as gasoline, and to a limited extent is used to do the mechanical work of man through the agency of engines in the same way. The big task of kerosene, however, has been to fur- nish us with light and heat. We may consider that light is caused by a high degree of heat and the hotter the fire the more light it gives off. Now, man might be regarded as a heat gen- erating machine. The food we eat that is made use of in the body is burned and the heat from it is thrown off by the body. On the average our bodies throw off about one fifth as much heat in an hour as an ordinary two ounce candle gives off in be- ing completely burned. If we secured from human sources the heat for the cooking and lighting that is done with kerosene in an average country home, it would just about take the equivalent of the energy from one person for each purpose. Of course, if the family washing were also done by heat from kerosene the
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man-power would be much greater. About two billion gallons of kerosene are used in the United States each year and a consid- erable proportion of it is used by the housewife in her lamps and heating stoves. In better lighting and more convenient heat- ing the petroleum family has proved nearly as useful servants as they have in furnishing us with stronger and better muscles.
Many of the petroleum family such as kerosene, machine oil, and paraffin are greasy and nasty to handle when you have on your best clothes, but some of the others are regular grease and ^dirt chasers. Among the latter the best known ones are benzine, naptha and gasoline. Just as they are distilled off from the crude petroleum in making the separation of the different constituents, they are very dirty because they are such good grease dissolvers. The manufacturers have to treat them with the powerful chemi- cal, sulphuric acid, to make them let go of the greases and then put them in a bath tub where they are washed with water and later with lye to get them clean, before they could be trusted in the hands of the housewife. They treat kerosene in much the same way to cleanse it also, but benzine, naptha and gasoline must be much cleaner than kerosene when they are to be used for taking grease from clothing. When using these cleaners we /do not depend upon their energy or brute strength to accomplish our work but upon what we might term their tact. The grease is clinging with all its might to the little crevices ot the doth or other material upon which it had splashed, but the cleaning fluid persuades it to unwind its arms and form little droplets which may be removed without grabbing out for something else to cling to.
Benzine is also extensively used in making many common articles about us, such as oil cloth and linoleum. It is not used in the product as we know it, but only in dissolving the paints and other sticky material which must go into the product. With- out cheap solvents such as this, linoleum and oil cloth would be much more expensive than at present.
The old kings used to have servants prepare the path on which they were to walk. Today we use the petroleum products to smooth our pathways. By this it is not meant the streets we walk upon, although it finds some use in this way. I refer to the smoothest roadways in use today, the bearings of our wheels. For the loads they move the railroad car wheel and the wheel of the automobile move easier and smoother by dozens of times than man can move the same loads. All of the oils which you squirt into your machines to make them run easily and smoothly are part of our petroleum family. The bearings of the machines appear to be perfectly smooth to the naked eye, but when viewed under the microscope we find great hills and valleys which tend to cut the machine to pieces in a short time. But part of our
SLAVES THAT HELP YOU 67
family of petroleum products are the uncomplaining sort that can be walked on without squirming. Many place the oil about where it is needed and it meekly flattens itself out into the tiny valleys of the machinery bearings and allows the wheel, whether it be a tiny sewing machine wheel or a tremedous locomotive wheel, to slide over it on the smoothest roadway in the world. Without such a lubricant, as we call it, the burden placed upon man's shoulders would be multiplied many times, because many pieces of machinery would be impracticable.
In this discussion we have treated the products of petroleum somewhat in the order in which they are driven from the mother products, in the manufacturing process. All of the above pro- ducts are liquids and distil or evaporate from the petroleum with- out great difficulty. The remaining few which we shall discuss are all solid or semi-solid in nature.
The first of these solids, we might liken to a minor life- guard, although it is really only the plebeian vaseline which we find in ten cent stores and which milk maids use to soften the cows udder. It also is often used in place of other lubricants for greasing machinery. Of course, it is frequently mixed with other substances and sold under some high sounding name, but it is still the same humble servant. It is probably this part of petro-" leum which made it so highly prized by the ancients as a cure for camel or horse bruises and sores. It is still as fine a remedy for certain types of sores and cracked skin as we find.
Every housewife knows the petroleum product, paraffin, which is so useful in keeping the ravenous bacteria and fungus from stealing her jellies and jams. If she saw it just as it comes from the petroleum, she probably wouldn't recognize her old friend, however, because it is a black, foul-smelling waxy-appear- ing stuff with black oil all through it. It goes through several cleaning processes and finally comes out so white and pure look- ing that we do not hesitate to use it as chewing gum during fruit preserving time.
There is an interesting story which might be told of many of the rest of the petroleum family, but enough has been said to show the reader that it is indeed a wonderful family of what we might call servants of civilized man. But man is not taking the proper care of his petroleum servants. He is wantonly taking the material from its home in the depths of the earth and destroy- ing much of it. Everywhere we find gasoline being wasted by improper adjustments of the automobile carburetor, and by use- less waste in other ways. It is estimated that fully a third and perhaps half of all this great store of energy is being wasted. We are likely to pay dearly for this extravagance some day, be- cause the natural stores are rapidly being exhausted; and when they are gone, this slave of mankind will be very strongly missed.
Like Crumbled Rose Petals
By Ruth Moench Bell
Constance Winburn had on her rose-colored, batiste dressing gown. Edythe, her daughter, would have called it a negligee. Martha, her sister, who helped her into it, called it a wrapper. Harold, her grandson, who bought it for her, called it a robe.
The dressing gown was soft and clinging and suited charm- ingly with Constance Wiriburn's fluffy, white hair and rose-leaf complexion. She knew that the white dimity apron was not just the right thing to go with a dressing gown. She had Martha tie it on her because the apron was trimmed with lace and went well with her cap and also because Edythe liked to find] her in light colors and very dainty. Edythe was coming that afternoon.
Constance took out her powder puff, after Martha had gone out. She went over her face very lightly. There must be no shine. Edythe did not like to see her face unpowdered. Constance wished that her hands were not so crippled with rheumatism. She was sure she could have made her nails more exquisite than Martha had done with the scissors. She would have liked to manicure her nails as she had seen them done in shops.
Constance opened the door of her room. "I think I'll lie down till Edythe comes," she called softly to Martha. "Edythe likes to find me rested."
"All right, Constance," Martha responded.
"You don't mind me going," Constance enquired, somewhat anxiously. "You don't mind my going, Martha, do you?"
"Not if she asks you," was on the point of Martha's tongue to say. Martha caught back the sharp, ugly thought, caught it back by the nape of the neck before it crossed the threshold of her lips. Instead, Martha sent forward very pleasantly, her angel child, as it were.
"Not at all, Grandma dear, we shall miss you, of course. But we have so many interests. We can understand how lonely you must be with us." The little speech fluttered out like a cherub in dotted swiss and blue bows. Made its little talk, then court- esied, as it were, and bowed itself off. All the while Martha held the ugly speech in leash, threatening it with her eye till the fair one had finished and made its exit.
"We are not going to wound my poor, dear sister," Martha told the ugly one.
Martha went in and laid a soft, light-colored shawl over the failing form of her sister. Then she came back to have it out
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with the ugly thought, which, no doubt, was making faces at that very minute behind the door.
"You know perfectly well, Ugly Thought," Martha cried sharply without so much as opening her lips. "You know per- fectly well that Edythe (burr — she spat out the word, Edythe) that Edythe (spew) adores her mother. (The Ugly Thought stuck out its tongue at Martha.) Yes, she does! Adores her! (Liar! Liar! chirruped the Ugly Thought.) Well, she does, just the same. Doesn't she send her flowers and — and — er — wires? Doesn't she write her the most heavenly scented letters all filled with, fine words? (The Ugly Thought turned its back rudely. Its shoulders were shaking with mirth, unseemly. Martha stamped her foot at it.) Get back into the corner," she commanded. "She does, and you know she does. Hasn't she been promising for a year or more — promising. You know as well as I do — for you've seen 'Grandma' — (It was impossible to imitate the spicy flavor Martha managed to sprinkle on the term 'Grandma' whenever she used it toward her sister, probably an attempt to copy the sacharine sweetness that Edythe injected into the term.) 'Not for mine," Martha would vociferate, after such times. "Not for mine. I'm glad I'm not a grandma. And I'll keep my identity as Martha to the end. if you please, to the end. And I'll call my sister Constance till the last hour. 'Grandma!' Humph, seems like when folks get ready to> slip their own onto the siding and forget 'em they most generally give 'em some title like that that lumps them all into a mass. Now there is some individuality to the name Martha or Constance, but 'Grandma' covers a whole multitude of forlorn souls, side-tracked an dforgotten."
The Ugly Thought chuckled to remind Martha that it was still there. "Yes, I know you are there,'" Martha came back. "As I was saying you have seen Constance get ready twenty times to go to Edythe's." (The Ugly Thought chortled. It had won its way through. Nothing could have been funnier nor uglier than Martha's final snarling Edythe.)
"I'll bet she doesn't come, bet you she doesn't come," chimed the Ugly Thought impudently.
"She will come, she will come," Martha coaxed the Favorite Thought into unconvincing insistence.
Even as she spoke, Edythe's smart touring car came up to the gate. There were gates at Martha's place, twenty miles out of town, "so absurd to be out so far, you know." Edythe languished.
"Glad you've come, Edythe," Martha sent the Ugly Thought back into the corner with an I-told-you-so shove. "Edythe is here now, do you see?"
"Yes, but she won't take her mother home with her," the Ugly Thought persisted hatefully.
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"She will, she will." Martha persisted.
"How is mother?" Edythe drawled languidly. "I brought her some violets and daffodils."
"What did I tell you?" croaked the Ugly One.
"Why shouldn't she bring violets and daffodils?" Martha rebuked. Just the same, Martha tiptoed over to Constance' door to make sure it was closed.
/Would she bring flowers for her mother to carry all the way back, when there will be so much to take — would be, I should say," the Ugly Thought taunted.
"Oh, keep still."
Edythe sank into a chair. "I suppose mother is taking a nap."
"She is lying down waiting for you to come. She is all ready to go."
"Oh, that is really too bad. You see we are expecting Har- old's baby almost any minute. And of course the extra work and all—"
Martha knew without looking. The Ugly Thought was chuckling wickedly : "What did I tell you ?"
"We are losing so much rest as it is. And I suppose Grandma still has to be up in the night."
"Lie a little," the Ugly One suggested. "Insist that she never has you up in the night any more."
Martha listened attentively, alert for a sound from Constance' room. Her sister must not hear and be wounded again. Edythe's clear, cultivated, flute-like tones carried like a cathedral chime. Martha prayed fervently that they would not penetrate through the walls and into the gentle one's consciousness.
"And then there is the additional sewing," Edythe went on. "I really could not allow Grandma to go around as she does here. §he must have soft, lace-trimmed negligees in delicate colors — and — and we've barely got through sewing for the new baby. I wouldn't want Harold's wife to see Grandma looking any way save her best. Nor Marjorie's beau for that matter. One must keep up the family prestige, you know."
Martha took time to look the Ugly Thought squarely in the eye. She couldn't endure to have it jigging up and down before her triumphantly any longer. "You'v*e won," she admitted. "You've won. Now keep still and get out of the way, will you."
"And then Grandma needs special meals. All that tiresome milk and cream menu and those absurd fruits and vegetables. My family go in so for meats and pastries."
Edythe Barnes took off her gloves nervously. "She is talk- ing her conscience to sleep," the Ugly Thought smirked. Martha gave it a look that should have subdued it. The Ugly One only grinned.
LIKE CRUMBLED ROSE PETALS 71
"And then we would have to fit out a special 'bed. Oh. you should see the adorable bassinet we have ready for Harold's baby, We have draped the basket in blue with white dotted swiss. It is a dream."
"Constance could take her own feather mattress," Martha observed. "She rests so much easier on feathers — oa account of the rheumatism."
"Yes, I suppose so," plaintively, "they're so unsanitary and have to be aired so often and — "
"So does the baby's bed," Martha suggested.
Edythe stole a look at Martha. Surely the patient Martha was not being sarcastic. "Yes, there isn't much difference, after all, between a baby and — an old person. Both get one up in the night and ruin one's rest," Edythe smiled, rather pleased at her own fancy. "Both require special meals. Yes, and the sewing. Unless both are kept dainty, they are so — so offensive — not attrac- tive, you know. And if they are fretful or peevish — they are so hard to put up with." Edythe rippled on, delighted with her own humor. "And then, as you suggest, the bed needs special care and their clothes and meals. And each should have the very best room in the house. Grandma would have to have the best, if she were there, so many old friends would be coming to see her. We must have that room now for Harold's baby, you know, so con- stant a stream of visitors will be in to see it."
"Yes, Constance' friends would certainly flock to see her if she were back in her home town," Martha remarked significantly. "That is one reason she wants to be there. She is lonely here with only Tom and me and the chickens and cows."
"I suppose so," Edythe sighed delicately. "Fancy our home, though, with Grandma's friends pouring in and Harold and Jennie's friends coming to see the new baby. Then Marjorie and her beau and her friends and all of mine!"
"That is another reason she wanted to be with you," Martha went on remorselessly. "Constance always did enjoy being in the midst of things. She worships babies and longs for the company of young folks. And they always take such a notion to her, she is so — charming with them. They adore her. Every young per- son does. The farm is a drag on Constance."
The Ugly Thought bobbed up again. "You haven't even touched her, with all that palaver." it taunted.
"How funny, Aunt Martha, for you to still call her Con- stance." Edythe smiled. "I've thought of her so long as grandma."
Martha bit her lip firmly. She would have liked to tell Edythe all she had talked over with the Ugly Thought about the name grandma and its abuse. She knew it was best to hold her-
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self in check. When she could trust herself to speak again Martha grew reminiscent.
"Constance was always the delicate sister," she cried, "sort of romantic and fond of nice things. We thought of her as a bit finer than the rest of us. We all got in the way of deferring to her. She was the aristocrat of the family and the sweetest and most unselfish. We were willing to regulate the house according to Constance' needs."
"I suppose she still hurries you all to bed at ten, and drags you out at seven," Edythe murmured.
Martha's dignity and indignity came up. She almost invited the Ugly Thought out to pull faces or say disagreeable things.
"I suppose I would have to come flying home from club to see that the evening meal was to her liking. Poor Auntie, how patient you have been."
Martha tiptoed to her sister's room again. Surely Constance could not still be sleeping. Most certainly Martha would have retorted angrily, had not her first thought been for the invalid sister.
"She must not hear, she must not hear," Martha kept repeat- ing to herself .
"Don't bother to waken grandma," Edythe drew on her gloves again. "I'll go out and get the flowers I brought for her. I left them in the car."
Martha opened Constance' door very softly. Did she imagine it, she wondered, or was there a hasty settling down on the part of her sister, as if she had been fastening and now feigned sleep? Martha drew nearer and peered anxiously over Constance' shoulder. Was there a tear undried on Constance' cheek? Maybe not. It might have been there because of weak eyes, slipping out as the gentle one slept.
"Drives," Martha murmured to herself. "Drives! All her gentle life she has won because she has never insisted, never de- manded for herself and always was so thoughtful of others."
"Edythe has come, dear," Martha spoke softly. Every one spoke softly somehow to Constance. "She brought you some flowers, violets and daffodils."
"How lovely of her," Constance breathed, as if a flower had opened its petals. "A taste of Spring. In the Spring one does long so for fresh, cool flowers and — trips and little adventures."
The Ugly Thought jogged Martha's elbow. ftTell her at once," it urged. "Don't let her be going on expecting trips and adventures when she is to stay right here still. Maybe she didn't hear after all. And then again she is probably pretending so you won't suspect and feel that she has been hurt. But tell her any- how, can't you?"
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"They are expecting Harold's baby," Martha spoke with averted eyes. If she was breaking the news she did not want to see the pain come into her sister's eyes. "Edythe thought maybe you better wait here with us till after the event is over and things kind of settle down again. She was — she was afraid you might be anxious and worried and all."
"A spring baby, how lovely !" Constance faltered. And then anxiously. "Didn't Edythe wait to see me?"
"Oh, yes," Martha rejoiced she had that much to offer. "She went out to the car to fetch the flowers."
Constance, cuddling the flowers in her arms, accompanied her daughter out to the car. She had received Edythe's apologies and regrets in the quiet way which distinguished Constance. Martha, observing her, was unable to guess whether or not her sister had overheard the cruel conversation. .
"Very likely the twenty mile drive would have been too much for you, anyhow," Edythe finished glibly, her foot on the fender.
"Constance seems unusually subdued," Martha remarked to Tom. "She seems so much quieter since Edythe's visit." Martha had not told her husband about the conversation and her fears that her sister had heard. She wanted his opinion without bias.
"She probably is failing a little," Tom replied. "Spring is rather trying on the weak and aged. All these spurts of Spring and [relapses into Winter I've noticed are exhausing to any one whose resistance is not up to the mark."
There was no satisfaction in Tom's words. She had heard him say the same thing many times before. "It is nothing to fail," Martha observed to herself. "We all have to come to that and we all have to learn to bide our time with as much courage and good cheer as we can muster. I just can't see Constance go out stricken and wounded in her feelings. She has been so tender with every one."
Accustomed to read her sister's varying expressions, Martha was baffled to find an unfamiliar lodger looking out of the win- dow of her soul, as it were. This new guest troubled Martha more than she cared to admit, especially as it was always present when Constance made certain observations.
"I — I — do you notice — I haven't got you up in the night — for several nights, now," Constance murmured one morning, sev- eral days after her daughter's visit.
"Has your rheumatism been easier?" Martha asked.
"Oh, so, so," Constance asserted. "I find — it really does not help much to get you out to rub — the pain away."
"I'd really rather you called me, Constance," Martha in- sisted. And then to herself she reflected that her sister was look-
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ing more pinched and wan. No doubt, partly because she was trying to suppress her pain.
Constance turned away. "Do you notice I keep my room picked up better? I think it helps me to move about more and try to get hold of things. I think I may recover the use of my fingers if I keep up the attempt." A spasm of pain flitted over the invalid's face as she tried to illustrate the "picking up."
Another observation brought a choking sensation into Martha's throat. "You and Tom needn't hurry to bed on my account, you know. I'm getting so I can sleep even if I don't get to bed till eleven or twelve. 'I've — I've tried it in my room. You and Tom can have all the company you want, Martha. I notice I actually sleep well in the morning — these last few days. And my afternoon nap is really more a habit than anything."
"She heard, she heard!" Martha moaned to herself, as she rattled pans in the! pantry.
"Taking it out on the pans, huh!" the Ugly Thought con- fronted her.
"Oh, shut up and get out of here," Martha Snapped. "It is cruel — cruel, I tell you. That poor, fragile little thing — longing for her daughter, her baby, her only child — longing to be with her ; and fairly yearning for the companionship of that girl's young people and their interests — the new baby, the granddaughter's sweetheart — the grandson's wife and all — "
Martha broke off abruptly. Constance was trying to walk down the stairs unaided. "Here, wait a minute," Martha called. "I'll help you dear. You'll be falling down those steps one of these times and smashing yourself to piecqs."
"No, I've been practicing quite by myself. I have gone up and down several times without help, when you and Tom have been out."
Martha caught her sister by the arm barely in time. A sudden twinge of pain nearly twisted her off the steps. Some- how there seemed no weight to the thin arm, no resistance. Con- stance had leaned so heavily before. It was not that she was carrying her weight now. There seemed no weight to carry, her body was soft and crumpling, sagging lightly, though no heaviness was there.
"Just fairy weight and fairy substance," Martha fought back resentful tears. "She is crumbling up like — like a rose petal. Slipping away before my very eyes ! And Edythe won't see !"
"Now nothing special for me," Constance insisted at table. "I know I can eat anything. It is perfectly absurd that meat would aggravate my rheumatism."
"Well, you keep to the doctor's orders, anyhow," Martha ad- vised. "Tom and I are not great meat eaters. Meat actually is
LIKE CRUMBLED ROSE PETALS 75
more trouble to prepare than — vegetables and fruits and milk dishes."
Several nights later, Martha was almost sure she heard some- one stirring in Constance' room. "I'm afraid Constance is up," Martha started in her sleep. The movement woke Tom. "I'll go and see."
"Lie still," Tom ordered. "I'll go in for you."
He tiptoed to Constance' room and then came back yawning heavily. "She's all right. Sleeping soundly! Covered up, head and all !" Tom delivered himself in short, staccato sentences punctuated with yawns and then went back to sleep.
In spite of Tom's assurance that all was well with her sister, Martha felt troubled. She lay for some time wide awake, then fell into a worried sleep. She and Constance were younger, much younger. They were somehow in a large, strange 'building trying to get out and finding themselves obliged to dodge around many heavy draft horses intent on work which the two women seemed to interrupt. She and her sister should not have been there. That much was evident. Constance, nimble and lively as she had been in the old days, skipped in front of a terrifying team, found an exit and flitted out. Martha could hear her quick, light steps gliding down the stairs in that airy, fairy way that had been Con- stance SO' long ago.
Martha, heavier of foot, heavier and slower of brain, weight- ier of body — followed — evaded a team or so, reached the exit- went down stair after stair, one flight after another — trying to catch up to her flitting sister. Martha's speed became almost as nimble as that of Constance. She glided down the last flight as if sus- pended by invisible support, scarce touching the steps — actually missing the last steps entirely, hovering over them, lightly, easily. Three iron gates in immediate succession, one opening to the left, the next to the) right, the last to the left! Martha hurried between them, stepped beyond the last, looking for Constance. Constance was not there. She had been just ahead, ever just ahead, and yet had vanished and left a space that seemed incredibly hollow and empty and charged with a feeling of finality that made clear the futility of following the quest !
Martha sat up in 'bed with a start. Tom was sleeping so heavily, she did not disturb him. Slipping noislessly out of bed, Martha in dread anxiety made her way to Constance' room. Tom was right. Constance lay asleep, almost covered out of sight with comforts. Martha waited long enough to see that the covers were moving up and down in gentle undulation. Then she returned to her bed.
Wakeful till morning, Martha dropped off to sleep at dawn and slumbered profoundly. Tom had gone and broad day was flooding the room when she roused again.
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Something had happened in the night, Martha felt sure of that. With a dread premonition she sat up. The Ugly Thought was on the foot-board of her bed, as it were. He had been away for some time.
"Oh, you are there, are you?" Martha rapped out sharply. Somehow she could not be as sharp as she meant to be. The Ugly Thought, or was it the Ugly Thought? sat humped over, his shoulders drooping. He did not stare at Martha. His shoulders were heaving.
"You're — you're not crying are you?" Martha scolded.
"I've been — away while you slept — over — over to — to Edythe's place, her — her daughter's place."
Martha tried to get up.
"Something happened in the night."
"I knew it, I knew it," Martha cried. She tried again to rise.
"A little baby came in the night. I was there. It came in pain, so much pain. The mama almost died. Such a young mother !"
"The age Constance was — when Edythe was born," Martha remembered.
"Yes, T joggled her elbow, Edythe's elbow," the Thought went on. "Yes, I joggled her elbow and — something — woke up inside her. It — was her memory or remembrance or — something tender and sad that had been sleeping inside her for a long time. It stirred then — and she remembered of a sudden that once — she had been born — "
"Who, Edythe?"
"Yes, Edythe. She remembered that she had been born once, just like that. It was for her that a little body lay on a bed of pain — a little, gentle body — in pain and danger! A lovely, little body that was made up only of love — and tenderness toward her ! And then, she remembered again that somebody sat up of nights — and watched while she slept. Somebody got up many, many times in the nights in broken slumber and did things for her — "
"For Edythe."
"Yes, she remembered that. Edythe's memory told her, too, that somebody who loved her, regulated the whole household and her own life for Edythe's sake. Somebody gave her the best room, the daintiest bed and kept it sweet, made her the prettiest clothes and kept her lovely so she wouldn't be — offensive — and unattractive to — to others."
"Oh, go away," Martha broke out impatiently. "I know, I know all that. I've thought it over a hundred times. iMove out of my way. I want to know about Constance. I must know that she is all right. Sometime she will slip away in the night, elude me so that I can never find her again, just as I dreamed in the night."
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77
The Thought seemed to help Martha now. "Hurry, hurry I" it urged. "She got up last night and — and — "
"Move, I tell you, move! out of my way," Martha sobbed. "I knew it. I knew it all the time."
"But Edythe is coming — Edythe will be coming today." The Thought pursued her.
With leaden limbs, Martha tried to hurry to her sister's room. Her footsteps dragged heavily. She could not pick up speed. It seemed hours before she could, reach the bed.
Constance lay covered up — even to her head. Martha felt herself held back by a nightmare terror she could not throw off. Finally, in a thick voice, an unnatural voice of fear, she called : "Constance."
There was no response. Martha lifted the covers lightly. A gash of blood flashed vividly across the petal-like softness of hei sister's cheek. It was a cut, made, no doubt, by a fall.
"Little sister, little sister," Martha cried out, the reality of her dream still clinging to her, so that the years were wiped out and the little, old lady was still "little sister."
Constance opened her eyes and smiled wanly. "I had a dream," she wavered, "such a beautiful dream. I thought — Edythe—"
In a tremor of relief, Martha exclaimed : "Yes, yes, she is coming today. I feel sure that she will come. I can't get over the idea that the baby has come."
Constance sat up in bed in a quiver of delight. "Do you feel that way, too? I dreamed — something about it and got up in the night and fell somehow — " Constance remembered her wound. She put, her hand to her cheek. "I struck) the corner of the dresser. But I stanched the blood so as not to disturb any one."
"Why, I would have gladly come," Martha choked out.
Constance' hand fluttered toward her sister gratefully. "You have been so kind," she cried. And then, noticing the light room, "My, how late it is. The sun is up very high. Mtast be nearly noon. I must dress, if we are to expect Edythe."
No time to dress ! There was a sound of a car stopping, a hurried fumbling opening of doors. As if in anguished fear that her mother had slipped away in the night, Edythe almost stumbled into the room. She dropped down on her knees beside the bed and gathered the failing form in her arms. "Mother, mother darling," she sobbed, "I've come for you. I want you to go with me now, right now."
"My dear," Constance put out her hand to touch her daugh- ter's bowed head. "You mustn't grieve so."
Marthat slipped out of the room. The Thought was waiting quietly outside the door — smiling tremulously through tears —
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that would have their way. "She loves her," Martha cried, "she had forgotten, that is all."
Edythe's voice penetrated into their hearts again. "Harold's baby came in the night, Mother. Harold's and Jennie's. How hard I must have been. Somehow I never thought of it as Jennie's baby until last night. Somehow I never thought of all you had done for me until last night."
There was silence for a minute. Then Edythe must have raised her head and noticed the startling cut on her mother's cheek. "Oh, my dear, what have you done to hurt yourself so?"
"I was trying to be independent — and not trouble folks — and so I — I." The tender apology was smothered in kisses. "You must let us love you and wait on you as we shall serve our new baby. There are to be two guests of honor at our home, now, Mother. Why, I can't begin to repay you for all the trouble and anxiety and sleepless nights and pain you have endured for me."
"Oh, but it was joy every bit of it," Constance protested happily.
Edythe gathered the crumpled rose-petals of motherhood into her arms again. "And this is going to be all joy and love, too, Mother. Just think of the inconvenience and burden I must have been to you, if you had not loved me."
Constance' eyes lingered on her daughter's face caressingly. "I suppose that is what makes the difference," she sighed. "Do you think — your love can stand the strain?"
"Darling, all through the night and every foot of the way here I (have prayed that I might be given the chance to try," Edythe cried. "I was in terror lest you might be gone — before I could make up to yuo a little for all I might have done."
"If you will just help me to dress," Constance faltered. She felt she could not speak except about something practical. "My rose-colored dressing gown is there in the wardrobe."
"Dearest, I don't care a snap about your rose-colored gown," Edythe protested. "I want you. And you are adorable in any- thing. Now we must hurry. Jennie is waiting to lay her treasure in your arms. Somehow we can't feel that she is ours till you — share her."
Martha sat down with her darning, when the two were gone. The Thought nestled into the wad of stockings and looked up at her.
"Why, you are not ugly any more." Martha wondered. "You are not ugly at all !"
"Ugly or Amiable !" the Thought smiled, actually smiled. "Ugly or Amiable, just the difference between a splash of tears or the flash of a smile ! Only the difference between feeling and remembering."
Albert Edward Winship
In Commemoration of the 80th Anniversary of Dr. Winship's Birth
By Alfred Osmond, Head of the English Department of the Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
The scholar at his desk did not forget
That deserts were to blossom as the rose,
Nor tangle his emotions in a net
That lures to pleasant landings of repose.
The river of delight, that gently flows
Into the moorland marshes of desire,
Is still unknown to him who freely chose
To cross the deserts and to fight the fire
That separate our lives from all we most admire.
''From sea to shining sea," he freely moves
To serve the grateful teachers of the nation ;
His life still running in the kindly grooves
That tempt the minds of men to seek salvation.
The forces that combined in his creation
Had clear provision of our daily needs,
For during all the years of his migration
He carries to our lives selective seeds
That blossom into flowers of good and gracious deeds.
And we shall not forget the plausive words
That challenge the attention of our ears,
For they are like the minstrelsy of birds
That captivates the spirit that it cheers.
We all forget our failures and our fears
When Winship tells us to be strong and brave.
It matters not if treason frowns and leers
At those who see the rising tidal wave
That is to cleanse the world intelligence will save.
But man must die, and others must be born,
And time, we know, will win the final race.
A future day will come when we shall mourn,
Because he shall have left our meeting place.
But even then our love will fondly trace
The circling courses of his life's career,
And fancy will reveal the shining face
That, like the sun, has radiated cheer
And left with us a name that nations will revere.
EDITORIAL
Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office, Salt Lake City, Utah Motto — Charity Never Faileth
THE GENERAL BOARD
MRS. CLARISSA SMITH WILLIAMS President
MRS. JENNIE BRIMHALL KNIGHT First Counselor
MRS. LOUISE YATES ROBISON Second Counselor
MRS. AMY BROWN LYMAN .... General Secretary and Treasurer
Mrs. Emma A. Empey Mrs. Lotta Paul Baxter Mrs. Ethel Reynolds Smith
Mrs. Jeanette A. Hyde Mrs. Julia A. Child Mrs. Barbara Howell Richards
Miss Sarah M. McLelland Mrs. Cora L. Bennion Mrs. Rosannah C. Irvine
Mrs. Annie Wells Cannon Mrs. Julia A. F. Lund Miss Alice Louise Reynolds
Mrs. Lalene H. Hart Mrs. Amy Whipple Evans
Mrs. Lizzie Thomas Edward, Music Director Miss Edna Coray, Organist
RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE
Editor Clarissa Smith Williams
Associate Editor Alice Louise Reynolds
Business Manager Jeanette A. Hvde
Assistant Manager . Amy Biown Lyman
Room 29, Bishop's Building, Salt Lake City, Utah
Vol. XII FEBRUARY, 1925 No. 2
Dr. Albert Edward Winship
This month marks the eightieth anniversary of the birth of Dr. Albert E. Winship, noted educator and editor of the Journal of Education. We are publishing in this issue of the Magazine a tribute in verse to him from Professor Alfred Osmond of the Brigham Young University. Last year Doctor Winship was the recipient of tributes from all parts of the United States. The Pennsylvania Teachers' Association presented him with a beautiful gold watch, and the National Education Association gave him an album with tributes from educators all over America.
The educational fraternity has every reason to be grateful to Doctor Winship for what he has done in their behalf. Many communities are indebted to him for the whole-hearted manner in which he has championed their rights; yet we doubt if even Massachusetts, his native state, is more sincerely indebted to him than the state of Utah. Hd has never hesitated to speak boldly for Utah, and to extol the virtues of her community life and of her leaders. It was Doctor Winshipi who said in one issue of the Journal of Education that Utah county alone had produced more artists and musicians than any other county of similar population in the United States.
Doctor Winship has visited Utah many times. He first came through when the railroad made its advent into the valley, and was a member of the editorial party that crossed the continent in recognition of the fact. He has often related that the members
EDITORIAL 81
of this noted party were the guests of President Brigham Young and that part of their entertainment consisted in a trip to Ameri- can Fork canyon.
Doctor Winship has been very generous to the Relief Society, both in spoken and written word. Not infrequently has he published paragraphs in relation to the work of the organization, and this year he has complimented the Magazine by copying three poems from local authors published in its columns, thus carrying the name of the Magazine everywhere that the Journal of Educa- tion is distributed.
We congratulate Dr. Winship in having reached the ripe age of eighty, and wish him God speed as he journeys on through life, heartening and breathing a blessing on all with whom he comes in contact.
Great Names
February always suggests the names of the great to us, in America, in the main, because this month chances to mark the anniversary of the birth of both George Washington and Abra- ham Lincoln. Yet any suggestion of men in their class is apt to arouse at any time a discussion of great men.
In this respect it is interesting to njote the distribution of people of talent in various parts of the world. If one were to visit the city cemetery of Vienna, he would find monuments there to Mozart, Beethoven, Brahms, Supe, and the great waltz king, Strauss. It is safe to say that no other cemetery in Europe or America is the resting place of so many musicians of note.
When we were in the city of Vienna we met a gentleman who bewailed the fact that the Germans had not produced a greater number of scientists than they had. The man said, "Oh, I do envy the English, for not only have they given the world an unusual number of poets of the first order, but their country is the birthplace of Spencer, Tyndale, and Charles Darwin.
We would remind our readers that the German people have given the world not only the great musicians buried in the cemetery at Vienna, but also Richard Wagner and Johann Sebas- tian Bach, not to name a goodly number of musicians of minor talent.
Next to Germany in musical fame, Italy holds the record. Such composers as Verdi, Leoncavalli, and Puccini mark Italy as the home of much opera of the very first order. In addition to these noted names, Italy has given us an unusual number of great opera singers. We need only call to mind such names as Caruso, Scotti, Tetrazini, and Galli-Curci to prove this fact. Italy has produced many painters. In the period of time known as the
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Italian Renaissance she produced more great painters than any other country in the world. Today she is probably surpassed only by France in the number of her painters and in the quality of their work.
The French are a very versatile people, perhaps outclassing any other European nation today in the variety of their art out- put. An Englishman once said to me, "I know the moment I see the flowers on a woman's hat whether they have been made in France or England. If made in France the coloring is vastly superior to that produced in England." An engineer once re- marked in my hearing that there is a finish about engineering instruments made in France that is peculiar to the French product. What we especially noticed when we were in Paris was the fact that that city has a number of very artistic bridges, and an unusual number of beautiful public buildings, perhaps a greater number than any other city on the continent.
England is noted for writers, preachers, and statesmen, and in this particular she perhaps leads the world. This we believe to be true, despite the fact that France has certainly made a most enviable record in the number of authors of the first rank that she has produced.
When we come to America, we find that she has led the world in great inventors. It was a common remark during the War that Europe must needs depend on America for someone who would be clever enough to invent a way to destroy submarine warfare, and in this particular America did not disappoint Europe, she did invent the way by which submarine warfare was overcome.
Lincoln's Appeal for Loyalty to All Laws
Let every American, every lover of liberty, every well-wisher to his posterity, swear by the blood of the Revolution never to> violate in the least particular the laws of the country, and never to tolerate their violation by others. As the patriots of seventy-six did to the support of the Declaration of Independence, so to the support of the Constitution and laws let every American pledge his life, his property, and his sacred honor. Let every man remember that to violate the laws is to trample on the blood of his father, and to tear the charter of his own and his children's liberty. Let reverence for the laws be breathed by every American mother to the lisping babe that prattles on her lap ; let it be taught in schools, in seminaries, and in colleges; let it be written in primers, spelling books, and al- manacs; let it be preached from the pulpit, proclaimed in the legislative halls, and enforced in courts of justice.
Diet for the Nursing Mother
By Jean Cox, State Supervisor of Home Economics Education
Two things are necessary for normal, satisfactory lives. The first is to be born with a good structure, that is, a body that is a good machine. The second is to take care of the human machine. The nursing mother has a dual responsibility in caring for her own body so that her resistance will not be unduly lowered or that tissues will not be sacrificed for the health of the child. A jaded, tired mother is a poor investment for her family. Her other responsibility is to supply food, right in quality and amount for the child for whose welfare she is directly responsible. When the child is subjected to a diet faulty in quality or amount injury is done to its tissues. A diet unsatisfactory in quality or quantity reacts unfavorably on the general wellbeing of both mother and child.
In order that health of both may be maintained, necessary food principles must be contained in the normal diet. Most home- makers are acquainted with the food classification which includes such terms as carbohydrates which is the class name for sugars, cellulose and starches, fats which include oils, cream, butter and fats, and proteins which is the class name for meats, cheese, fish, and milk. In addition to these, however, there are other food elements, quite as important for health, upon which increased attention has been given during1 recent years. These elements are found largely in the skeletal parts of the body, help regulate body processes, and are